Title Optička karakterizacija dihalkogenida prijelaznih metala u svojstvu poboljšanja parametara sinteze
Title (english) Optical characterization of transition metal dichalcogenides for synthesis parameters improvements
Author Josip Bajo
Mentor Nataša Vujičić (mentor)
Mentor Željko Skoko (komentor)
Committee member Željko Skoko (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Nataša Vujičić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Mirko Planinić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Damir Pajić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Danko Radić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Science (Department of Physics) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2020-09-30, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline NATURAL SCIENCES Physics
Abstract Istraživanja 2D materijala posljednjih desetak godina došla su u žarište interesa znanstvene zajednice zbog svojih izvrsnih elektronskih, optičkih i mehaničkih svojstava. Osim istraživanja fundamentalnih pojava u fizici, 2D materijali postavljaju se kao izvrsno rješenje problemima s kojima će se industrija suočiti u budućnosti, poput unapređenja elektronskih uređaja koji su bazirani na silicijskim tranzistorima, u kojima će kvantno mehanički efekt tuneliranja onemogućiti željeni način rada, zbog iznimno male veličine. Nekoliko dihalkogenida prijelaznih metala izvrsna je zamjena za silicijske tranzistore, jer pri prijelazu iz cjelovitog 3D oblika u 2D jednosloj, neki od ovih materijala postaju poluvodiči s direktnim procjepom. Njihova struktura je u obliku MX_2 pri čemu M predstavlja prijelazni metal, a X halkogeni element i debljine su tri atomska sloja. Budući da jednosloji dihalkogenida prijelaznih metala nisu dostupni u prirodi već se moraju naknadno izolirati, njihova sinteza visoke kvalitete na velikoj skali još uvijek predstavlja otvoreno pitanje u znanstvenoj zajednici. Stoga, kroz ovaj rad istraživat će se kvaliteta sinteze navedenih materijala optičkim tehnikama fotoluminescencijske i Ramanove spektroskopije, koje su brze i neinvazivne tehnike za karakterizaciju kvalitete uzorka, a daju informaciju o kemijskom sastavu, dopiranju i čistoći uzorka. Svi uzorci bit će sintetizirani tehnikom rasta depozicijom kemijskih para (CVD tehnika), pri čemu se optička karakterizacija radi odmah nakon sinteze, kako bi se prije idućeg ciklusa sinteze modificirali parametri na način da sinteza vodi prema željenim svojstvima uzorka. Naglasak će biti na najpoznatijem predstavniku iz obitelji dihalkogenida prijelaznih metala molibden-disulfidu MoS_2, u čijem fotoluminiscencijskom spektru opažamo rekombinaciju A i B ekscitona, dok se pri dopiranim uzorcima pojavljuju i trioni. Tehnika Ramanove spektroskopije proučava vibracije kristalne rešetke te MoS_2 ima dva Raman aktivna moda E^1_2g i A_1g. Mjerenja fotoluminiscencijske i Ramanove spektroskopije radit će se na istom eksperimentalnom postavu, uz pobudnu snagu lasera od 532 nm, a cilj ovog diplomskog rada je kroz detaljnu analizu navedenih spektara pronaći korelacije sa sintezom uzoraka CVD tehnikom, kako bi se istražilo koji parametri utječu na morfologiju rasta MoS2 i njegovu kvalitetu, čistoću i stvaranje defekata. Sistematičnom sintezom i detaljnom analizom spektara uočeno je kako natrij djeluje kao promotor rasta te su optimizirani parametri CVD peći. Pokazano je kako jačina toka inertnog plina argona i temperatura sumpora kao prekursora rasta imaju značajan utjecaj na morfologiju rasta MoS_2, dok temperatura peći na kojoj raste MoS_2 ima manji utjecaj na morfologiju rasta, ali značajan utjecaj na kvalitetu sintetiziranog uzorka te njegova elektronska svojstva. Pri povećanju temperature peći na kojoj raste uzorak pojavljuje se naprezanje uzorka MoS_2, što se opaža iz linearnog pomaka položaja emisijskih ekscitonskih linija prema nižim energijama te pomakom oba Raman aktivna moda. Konačno, nakon što je ostvaren napredak u homogenosti morfologije, mjeren je optički odziv uzorka na jako maloj skali, kako bi se ispitala uniformnost istog i varijacija udjela defekata na μm skali.
Abstract (english) In last ten years, research in the field of 2D materials has come into focus of scientific community because of their excellent electronic, optical and mechanical properties. Beside offering a variety topics for fundamental research, 2D materials are an excellent potential solution to the problems that industry is going to face in the near future, related to improvements of electronic devices based on silicon transistors where, due to their extremely small size, quantum mechanic tunneling effect will start to dominate and screen their usual working purpose. Few of the transition metal dichalcogenides are an excellent alternative for the silicon transistors, because crystals exhibit a crossover from an indirect- to a direct- gap semiconductor in the monolayer limit. Their general structure is MX_2, where M is transition metal and X is chalcogen element and their thickness is only three atomic layers. Because monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides are not available in nature, they need to be isolated artificially form their bulk counterparts or synthesized. The synthesis of the high quality sample on a big scale is still an open question in the scientific community. This thesis will investigate synthesis quality of the transition metal dichalcogenides with optical techniques based on photoluminescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, as fast and non-invasive techniques for the characterization of sample quality, chemical composition, doping and sample purity. All samples will be synthesized by chemical vapor deposition technique, while optical characterization will be done immediately after the synthesis, so for the next sample synthesis, parameters could be modified according to the wanted sample properties. The focus is on the best known member of transition metal dichalcogenides family, molybdenum disulfide MoS_2, where its photoluminescence spectra give information on electronic structure, doping and straining of samples and Raman spectra gives information not only on chemical structure but also on sample thickness and interaction with wafer. Measurement of photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy will be executed on the same experimental setup, with the laser excitation wavelength of 532 nm, and the goal of this thesis is to find the correlations of optical response with synthesis parameters, to understand which parameters are affecting growth morphology of MoS_2 and its quality, purity and defect level. By systematic synthesis and detailed analysis of spectra it has been seen that sodium is working as growth promotor and parameters of the CVD synthesis were optimized. It is shown that amount of argon flow and sulphur temperature have significant influence on the growth morphology of MoS_2 crystals, while furnace growth temperature has less impact on the morphology, but high influence on the sample quality and its electronic properties. Increasing the growth temperature, growth-induced strain has been induced to a single crystalline grains of MoS_2 as the main source of distinct optical properties in the form of exciton A emission lines redshift and by the softening of Raman modes. Finally, when morphology was improved and homogeneous, optical response was measured on a very small scale to see what is the level of uniformity of synthesized samples and defect variation on μm scale.
Keywords
2-D materijali
CVD sinteza
spektroskopija
optička svojstva materijala
mikroskopija
poluvodiči
Keywords (english)
2D materials
spectroscopy
CVD synthesis
optical properties of materials
microscopy. semiconductors
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:217:069330
Study programme Title: Physics; specializations in: Education Course: Education Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacije fizike (magistar/magistra edukacije fizike)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access Embargo expiration date: 2022-09-30
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Created on 2021-02-01 12:58:08