Utjecaj raznolikosti staništa litoralne zone na strukturu makrozoobentosa plitkih jezera

master's thesis

• Title (english): Impact of the littoral zone heterogeneity on the macroinvetebate assemblage in shallow lakes
• Author: Zvonimir Ercegovac
• Mentor: Maria Špoljar (mentor)
• Committee member: Maria Špoljar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vlasta Ćosović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Neven Bočić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Gligora Udovič (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nenad Tomašić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-02-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Istraživanje makrozoobentosa provedeno je tijekom 2013. godine u dva vodena tijela različitog
postanka, morfometrije, stupnja trofije, pokrovnosti i sastava makrofita: rukavcu rijeke Sutle i mrtvaji
Škrčev kut. Ciljevi istraživanja makrozoobentosa bili su utvrditi: 1. prostorne oscilacije raznolikosti i
brojnosti makrozoobentosa u staništima s različitom pokrovnošću makrofita; 2. prostorne i vremenske
oscilacije veličinskih kategorija makrozoobenosa; 3. trofičku strukturu i potencijalnu ulogu
makrozoobentosa u hranidbenoj mreži biocenoza plitkih jezera. Determinirano je 57 svojti, a
raznolikosti su najviše doprinijeli predstavnici skupine Heteroptera (12 svojti) i Diptera (11 svojti).
Najveća brojnost i raznolikost zabilježena je u Gornjem bazenu rukavca Sutle s prosječnom
abundancijom od 273 ± 642 jed./m2 i 24 svojte, dok su najmanja brojnost i raznolikost zabilježeni u
litoralu mrtvaje Škrčev kut s prosječnom abundancijom od 80 +- 211 jed./m2 i 13 svojti. Na postajama
izrazito male dubine (< 1m) i visoke mutnoće obaju vodenih tijela, prevladavale su jedinke većih
dimenzija od 4 − 6 mm, dok su u litoralu veće raznolikosti staništa sa submerznim makrofitima
Gornjeg bazena Sutle prevladavale manje jedinke (duljine 0,5-3 mm). Detritivorni Diptera su imali
najveći udio u abundanciji na postajama visoke mutnoće i niske raznolikosti staništa, dok su na
postajama s bogatim pokrovom makrofita u litoralnoj zoni, pored Diptera značajan udio u brojnosti
postigli i Ephemeroptera, predstavljeni s brojnim strugačima. Udio predatora bio je najveći na postaji
SGB, a najmanji na postaji ŠK. Vremenske promjene u strukturi mzb mogle su se uočiti, ali nisu bile
statistički značajne. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja ukazuju da su biotički čimbenici značajnije utjecali
na strukturu makrozoobentosa u odnosu na abiotičke. Općenito se brojnost i raznolikost
makrozoobentosa povećavala s povećanjem raznolikosti staništa, a smanjivala s povećanjem stupnja
trofije jezera i smanjenjem raznolikosti litoralne zone što je ujedno utjecalo i na hranidbenu i
veličinsku strukturu makrozoobentosa.

Abstract (english)

The study of macrozoobenthos was conducted during 2013 in two water bodies of differing origins,
morphometry, trophy degree, macrophyte coverage and composition: backwater of the Sutla River
and oxbow lake Škčev kut. The study aims were to determine: 1. spatial oscillations of
macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance in habitats of differing macrophyte coverage; 2. spatial
and temporal fluctuations of differing macroinvertebrate size categories; 3. trophic structure and the
potential role of macroinvertebrates in the food webs of shallow lakes. 57 taxa were determined. The
diversity was mostly contributed by representatives of Heteroptera (12 taxa) and Diptera (11 taxa).
The greatest abundance and diversity were observed in the Upper Basin of the river Sutla, with an
average abundance of 273 ± 642 ind./m2 and 24 taxa, whereas the lowest umber and diversity were
observed in the littoral of the Škrčev kut, with an average abundance of 80 ± 211 ind./m2 and 13
taxa. At the extremely low depth ( < 1m) and high turbidity study sites at both water bodies,
individuals larger than 4 − 6 mm were dominant, whereas in the littoral of the Upper Sutla river
Basin, which exhibited greater habitat diversity with submerged macrophytes, smaller individuals
prevailed (0.5 − 3 mm). At the habitats of high turbidity and low habitat diversity, detritivorous
Diptera were most abundant, whereas at the habitats with rich macrophyte cover in the littoral zone,
besides Diptera, most abundant were Ephemeroptera, presented with numerous scrapers. Abundance
of predators was highest on SGB and lowest on the ŠK study site. Results of this study indicate that
biotic interactions significantly affected the macrozoobenthos structure in comparison to abiotic
parameters. In general, the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates increased with habitat
diversity, and decreased with increasing trophic level and reducing the diversity of littoral zone, thus
influenced on the feeding and size structure of macroinvertebrates of the lake.

• Keywords: bentički beskralježnjaci; abundancija; raznolikost; trofička struktura; veličinske kategorije; biotičke interakcije
• Keywords (english): benthic macroinvertebrates; abundance; diversity; trophic structure; size categories; biotic interactions
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:371188
• Study programme: Title: Enviromental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra struke znanosti o okolišu (magistar/magistra struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-04-27 12:56:57