Prirodna selekcija

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Natural selection
• Author: Eliza Fućak
• Mentor: Damjan Franjević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Evolucija je proces promjene organizama tijekom vremena. Promjene su moguće na maloj
skali, mikroevoluciji, gdje se promjene događaju na razini gena i jedne vrste. Uzrok takvih promjena
mogu biti mutacije u sekvenci DNA, migracije (protok gena) ili genetički drift. Obično je promatrana
kroz nekoliko generacija. Na većoj skali, pri makroevoluciji, promatramo dugoročne efekte
mikroevolucije, ne samo jedne vrste, već više njih. Jednim od glavnih procesa evolucije, pokretačem,
smatra se... More prirodna selekcija. Prirodna selekcija radi na principu odabira organizama koji su
najprilagođeniji životu (i razmnožavanju) određenim okolišnim uvjetima i dostupnim resursima.
Mutacije jesu slučajne, ali prirodna selekcija nije. Dugoročnim selekcioniranjem potiče se nastajanje
adaptacija kod organizama kako bi si povećali vjerojatnost za preživljavanje. Adaptacije mogu biti
bihevioralne, morfološke ili na razini samih proteina. Seksualna selekcija je poseban oblik selekcije
koji se javlja kod vrsta koje se seksualno razmnožavaju. Neka svojstva koja su favorizirana u seksualnoj
selekciji (veći broj potomaka), mogu smanjivati ono što je favorizirano u prirodnoj selekciji (opstanak).
Uspješnost nekog organizma se mjeri fitnessom tj. razinom reproduktivne uspješnosti organizma. Less

Abstract (english)

Evolution is a process of change within organism in time. Changes can be observed on a
smaller (microevolution) or larger (macroevolution) scale. Microevolution observes change at gene
level of one specie through several generations. Those changes can be caused by mutation in DNA
sequence, migration (gene flow) or genetic drift. Macroevolution talks about longterm effects of
microevolution, not only of one but more species. One of main processes of evolution is natural
selection.... More Organisms which are the best suited for survival in a specific environment and a certain
amount of resources will survive and reproduce. Mutations happen by chance but natural selection
doesn’t. One of the effects of natural selection can be emergence of adaptations. Adaptations are certain
traits that organism evolved through time and which helps in the survival of said organism. They can
be bihevioral, morphological or on protein level. Sexual selection is a special type of selection that is
find in species that reproduce sexually. Some traits which are favourited in sexual selection for the end
result of more descendants (higher fertility) can lower favourited outcome of natural selection (survival).
Fitness is the measure of organism’s reproductive success. Less

• Keywords: Evolucija; prirodna selekcija; uzrok promjena; adaptacija; fitness; seksualna selekcija.
• Keywords (english): Evolution; natural selection; change in time; adaptation; fitness; sexual selection
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:450040
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-09-20 08:10:46