Koronavirusi životinja

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Animal coronaviruses
• Author: Fran Požarić
• Mentor: Mirna Ćurković-Perica (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Koronavirusi su patogeni ljudi, većine domaćih i mnogih divljih životinja. Koronavirusi
šišmiša zadobili su posebnu pažnju nakon epidemije SARS-a, kada se spoznalo da su šišmiši izvor
i rezervoar ogromne raznolikosti koronavirusa sa zoonotskim potecijalom. Taksonomski se
koronavirusi klasificiraju u četiri roda; rodovi Alphacoronavirus i Betacoronavirus zaražavaju
sisavce, a Gammacoronavirus i Deltacoronavirus uglavnom ptice. Šišmiši su se pokazali kao
izvanredan domaćin koronavirusima zbog specifičnog imunosnog sustava i života u napučenim i
heterogenim kolonijama. Jugoistočna Azija dom je velike biološke raznolikosti šišmiša, a time i
njihovih koronavirusa. Tri od četiri nedavne epidemije uzrokovane emergentnim koronavirusima
ljudi ili životinja ishodište su imale u Kini. Mutacija, rekombinacija i prirodna selekcija mehanizmi
su molekularne evolucije koronavirusa. Koronavirusi domaćih životinja uzrokuju niz respiratornih
i enteričkih bolesti, skloni su nastanku novih sojeva, često s visokom stopom smrtnosti te niskim
učinkom profilakse pa mogu predstavljati model za bolje, holističko razumijevanje koronavirusa
te sprječavanje pojave budućih sojeva s epidemijskim potencijalom.

Abstract (english)

Coronaviruses are pathogens of humans, most domestic and wild animals. Bat coronaviruses
came into spotlight during SARS pandemic as bats proved to be the source and reservoir of
numerous coronaviruses with zoonotic potential. Taxonomy classifies coronaviruses in four
genera; Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus are pathogens of humans, bats and other
mammals, while genera Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus predominantly infect birds.
Bats are unique hosts of coronaviruses because they have a specific immune system and live in
diverse and dense colonies. Southeast Asia is characterized by biodiversity of bats and
consequently their coronaviruses; three of four recent outbreaks caused by emergent coronaviruses
of humans and livestock originated in China. Mutation, recombination and natural selection are
mechanisms of molecular evolution of coronaviruses. Livestock and pet coronaviruses cause
respiratory and enteric diseases and are prone to emergence of new strains, resulting in high
mortality rates and low effectivness of prophylaxis. As such they are compelling model for a better,
holistic understanding of coronaviruses and future prevention of new strains with epidemic
potential.

• Keywords: divlje životinje; domaće životinje; emergentni virus; protein šiljka; šišmiš
• Keywords (english): bat; domestic animals; emergent virus; spike protein; wild animals
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:406138
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-09-20 11:34:21