VANSTANIČNA DNA (cfDNA) KAO BIOMARKER ZA RANU DIJAGNOSTIKU TUMORA

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): CELL - FREE DNA (cfDNA) AS A BIOMARKER FOR EARLY TUMOR DIAGNOSTICS
• Author: Simona Brlić-Kukoleča
• Mentor: Rosa Karlić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-24, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Biopsija tkiva standardna je dijagnostička metoda kojom se mogu otkriti različite promjene u tkivnim stanicama te tako dijagnosticirati razne upalne bolesti, a najčešće se koristi za utvrđivanje prisutnosti tumorskih stanica. Biopsijom tkiva također se dobiva i materijal za genotipizaciju koji je iznimno važan u personaliziranoj terapiji raka. Međutim, dijagnostički postupci temeljeni na biopsiji tkiva imaju ograničenja u procjeni razvoja raka, prognozi i genotipizaciji zbog heterogenosti i relativno brze evolucije tumora. Cirkulirajuća tumorska DNA (eng. circulating tumor DNA – ctDNA) je tip vanstanične DNA (eng. cell – free DNA, cfDNA) koja se oslobađa iz tumorskih stanica u krv i odražava mutacije prisutne u izvornom tumoru, odnosno tumorskom genomu. Relativno nova metoda koja je sve više prihvaćena u molekularnoj dijagnostici je tekuća biopsija (eng. liquid biopsy), a njene najvažnije prednosti u odnosu na biopsiju tkiva su minimalna invazivnost i mogućnost ponavljanja, s obzirom da se uzorci za tekuću biopsiju uzimaju iz tjelesnih tekućina, poput krvi i urina. Različitim studijama je otkriveno da je detekcija genskih mutacija pomoću tekuće biopsije i ctDNA vrlo osjetljiva i specifična, što sugerira da analiza ctDNA može značajno unaprijediti postojeće sustave za dijagnostiku tumora pa čak i olakšati njihovo otkrivanje u ranoj fazi. Također, analizom ctDNA moguće je točno odrediti razvoj i napredovanje tumora, kao i preciznu terapiju.

Abstract (english)

Tissue biopsy is a standard diagnostic procedure which is used to detect various changes in tissues and diagnose various inflammatory diseases. It is most often used to determine the presence of tumor cells. Tissue biopsy also provides genotyping material that is extremely important in personalized cancer therapy. However, diagnostic procedures based on tissue biopsy have limitations in assessing cancer development, prognosis, and genotyping due to heterogeneity and relatively rapid tumor evolution. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a a type of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that is released from tumor cells into the blood and reflects mutations present in tumor genome. Relatively new method that is widely accepted in molecular diagnostics is liquid biopsy and its most important advantages over tissue biopsy are repetitive sampling and the fact it is minimally invasive, since samples for liquid biopsy are taken from body fluids, like blood and urine. Various studies have found that the detection of gene mutations by liquid biopsy and ctDNA is very sensitive and specific, suggesting that ctDNA analysis can significantly improve existing tumor diagnostic systems and even facilitate tumor detection at an early stage. Also, ctDNA analysis can accurately determine tumor development and progression, as well as precise therapy.

• Keywords: biopsija tkiva; tekuća biopsija; tumor; ctDNA
• Keywords (english): tissue biopsy; liquid biopsy; tumor; ctDNA
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:278313
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-09-27 13:45:52