BIOLOGIJA I PATOGENEZA VIRUSA SARS-CoV-2

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): BIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF SARS-CoV-2
• Author: Karlo Lovrečić
• Mentor: Silvija Černi (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Virus SARS-CoV-2 je patogen koji najčešće inficira dišni sustav i kod čocjeka uzrokuje virusnu bolest COVID-19. Od kraja 2019., do kraja kolovoza 2021., od bolesti COVID-19, preminulo je 4,5 milijuna ljudi te je zabilježeno preko 214 milijuna slučajeva zaraze na globalnoj razini. Iako je od pojave virusa prošlo dosta vremena, pandemija COVID-19 ne jenjava i virus SARS-CoV-2 trenutno predstavlja, vjerojatno najveću ugrozu za zdravlje čovjeka. Stjecanje imuniteta krda jedini je način kako spriječiti rasprostranjivanje virusa i posljedično njegovu evoluciju te sačuvati zdravlje i živote mnogih ljudi. Struktura viriona, genom i virusni proteini virusa SARS-CoV-2, razlikuju se od onih kod koronavirusa s kojima je čovječanstvo ranije bilo upoznato. Interakcija virusa SARS-CoV-2 i receptora ACE2 je od 10 do 20 puta jača nego ista interakcija kod virusa SARS-CoV. Visoka koekspresija transmembranske serinske proteaze 2 i receptora ACE2 u dijelovima dišnog sustava rezultira tkivnim tropizmom virusa SARS-CoV-2 prema dišnom sustavu. Cjepiva, od kojih je dio temeljen na novoj mRNA tehnologiji, ušla su u uporabu i pokazuju odlične rezultate. Također je važno naglasiti da postoje ograničenja cjepiva u slučaju infekcija novim varijantama koje se neprestano pojavljuju. Relativno mali broj cijepljenih na globalnoj razini, omogućuje rasprostranjivanje virusa i kontinuiranu evoluciju te pojava novih varijanti donosi nove izazove, posebice medicinskom sustavu i znanosti koja treba pronaći rješenje kako uspješno kontrolirati pandemiju.

Abstract (english)

SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that causes a contagious respiratory disease COVID-19. From the end of 2019 to this moment (late August of 2021), around 4,5 million people have died from the disease COVID-19. More than 214 million cases of the disease have been identified worldwide. Although a lot of time has passed since the virus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged, COVID-19 still is a big threat to humans. Herd immunity is the only way of slowing down the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, preserving health, and saving the lives of many people. The structure, genome, and viral proteins of virus SARS-CoV-2 differ from those we have encountered in the past. The interaction between the virus SARS-CoV-2 and receptor ACE2 is 10-20 times stronger than the same interaction of the virus SARS-CoV. High coexpression of transmembrane protease serine 2 and receptor ACE2 in the respiratory system results in tissue tropism of the virus SARS-CoV-2 towards respiratory system. Vaccines, some of which are based on RNA technology, have been developed and are showing solid results. The vaccines have their limitations in case of protecting people from new emerging variants of the virus SARS-CoV-2. A relatively small number of vaccinated people globally enables virus spreading and its evolution. Therefore, new variants are appearing and bringing new challenges, especially to the research community and the healthcare system, whose task is to find a solution of controlling the pandemic

• Keywords: bolest COVID-19; evolucija virusa; koronavirus; receptor ACE2; virus SARS-CoV-2
• Keywords (english): coronavirus; COVID-19; receptor ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; viral evolution
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:585461
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-09-28 07:05:36