Invazivni dvornici (Reynoutria spp.) – biologija, rasprostranjenost i mjere suzbijanja

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Invasive knotweeds (Reynoutria spp.) – biology, distribution and control measures
• Author: Sebastijan Radaković
• Mentor: Antun Alegro (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Danas se smatra da je utjecaj invazivnih vrsta, uz direktan gubitak staništa, najveći uzrok gubitka bioraznolikosti. Jedan od najčešćih putova prijenosa biljnih invazivnih vrsta je u hortikulturalne svrhe. Upravo iz tog razloga su, sredinom 19. stoljeća, u Europu uneseni Reynoutria japonica Houtt. i Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai. U Europi hibridiziraju te stvaraju novu vrstu Reynoutria × bohemica Chrtek et Chrtková. Sve tri vrste nazivamo skupnim nazivom invazivni dvornici. Invazivne dvornike karakterizira njihova iznimna sposobnost regeneracije iz svih dijelova biljke, stoga je R. japonica dospjela na IUCN listu 100 najgorih invazivnih vrsta svijeta. Iako hibrid R. × bohemica zaslužuje mjesto na listi, ne nalazi se zbog relativno kasnog opisivanja te stoljetne pogrešne identifikacije, stoga se uvriježilo mišljenje da je R. japonica najinvazivnija vrsta invazivnih dvornika. Trenutno su invazivni dvornici rasprostranjeni na pet kontinenata, dok je Reynoutria × bohemica najučestalija vrsta diljem svijeta i Hrvatske. Iako zbog pogrešne identifikacije, stvarna raspodjela hibrida je vjerojatno veća, stoga je u ovom radu opisana karakteristična morfologija po kojoj se mogu raspoznati vrste. Invazivni dvornici prema klasifikaciji stranih invazivnih vrsta (Blackburn i sur.. 2014) spadaju u vrste s velikim utjecajem na okoliš, no utjecaj bi mogao biti podcijenjen zbog manjka sistematičnih istraživanja utjecaja na kralježnjake, hidrološke procese i ekologiju tekućica. Invazivni dvornici su izuzetno teški i skupi za ukloniti te kontrolirati, stoga se predlaže preusmjeravanje resursa u sprječavanje daljnjeg širenja. Također zbog mogućnosti interspecijske hibridizacije i stvaranja potencijalno invazivnijeg hibrida, potrebno je spriječiti sazrijevanje plodova.

Abstract (english)

Impact of invasive species, along with direct habitat loss, is considered to be the biggest cause of biodiversity loss. One of the most common routes of transmission of invasive plant species is for horticultural purposes. In the middle of the 19th century, Reynoutria japonica Houtt. and Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai were introduced to Europe. Soon they started to hybridize and to produce Reynoutria × bohemica Chrtek et Chrtková. All three species are collectively called invasive knotweeds. Invasive knotweeds are characterized by their exceptional ability to regenerate from all parts of the plants. That ability have earned R. japonica place on the IUCN list of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. Although the hybrid R. × bohemica deserves a place on the list, it is not on it due to the relatively late description of species and a century-old misidentification. Therefore, it is widely believed that R. japonica is the most invasive species of invasive knotweeds. Currently, invasive knotweeds are spread over five continents, while R. × bohemica is the most common species worldwide and in Croatia. Although the actual distribution of hybrids is probably higher. This paper describes the characteristic morphology by which species can be identified. According to the classification of invasive alien species (Blackburn et al. 2014), invasive knotweeds belong to species with high environmental impact. However, impact could be underestimated due to lack of systematic research of impacts on vertebrate and river and stream ecology. Invasive knotweeds are extremely difficult and expensive to manage, so the way we deal with them should be changed. It is suggested that management practices should focus on prevention of further spread. Also, due to the possibility of interspecific hybridization and the creation of a potentially more invasive hybrid, it is necessary to prevent formation of seeds.

• Keywords: invazivne vrste
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:758780
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-10-04 11:24:49