miRNA u molekularnoj dijagnostici

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): miRNA in molecular diagnostics
• Author: Ana Kujavec
• Mentor: Petra Korać (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

MikroRNA (miRNA) su kratke nekodirajuće molekule RNA koje imaju važnu regulacijsku ulogu
u translaciji mRNA. Protekla dva desetljeća privukle su veliku pozornost u biomedicinskim
istraživačkim krugovima zbog povezanosti s razvojem brojnih bolesti. Razine ekspresije miRNA
su specifične za pojedina tkiva i povezuju se s različitim patološkim stanjima. Omogućuju pružanje
informacija o podrijetlu, stupnju diferencijacije i podtipovima malignih tumora te su pronađene u
većini bioloških tekućina. Navedena svojstva čine miRNA potencijalnim neinvazivnim
dijagnostičkim i prognostičkim biomarkerima. U ovom radu izložene su glavne spoznaje o
uključenosti miRNA u razvoju bolesti koje zahvaćaju veliki udio populacije. Rad daje pregled
prednosti i nedostataka najčešćih metoda detekcija miRNA te ističe da nepostojanje standardizacije
u svim koracima detekcije miRNA onemogućava njihovo rutinsko korištenje u molekularnoj
dijagnostici. Također, pokazuje da je potrebno razviti nove metode koje će omogućiti detekciju
cirkulirajućih miRNA te biti brze, visoko specifične i cjenovno dostupne kako bi se mogla napraviti
translacija spoznaja o miRNA iz istraživačkih laboratorija u zdravstveni sustav i kako bi ona
doprinijela suzbijanju izlječivih bolesti.

Abstract (english)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that play an important regulatory
role in mRNA translation. They have attracted great attention in the biomedical research
community over the past two decades due to their involvement in the development of numerous
diseases. The expression of miRNAs is tissue-specific and it is associated with various pathological
conditions. miRNAs provide information about the origin, degree of differentiation, and subtypes
of malignant tumors. They are found in most biological fluids. All mentioned properties make
miRNAs potential non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This paper presents main
findings about the involvement of miRNAs in diseases that affect a large part of the population. It
contains an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the most common miRNA detection
methods, and highlights the lack of standardization in all steps of miRNA detection which further
prevents its routine use in molecular diagnostics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new
technologies that will enable the detection of circulating miRNAs and will be fast, highly specific,
and affordable, thus enabling the translation of knowledge about miRNAs from research
laboratories to the health system and making contribution to the suppression of curable diseases.

• Keywords: mikroRNA; molekularna dijagnostika; biomarkeri; maligni tumori; detekcija mikroRNA
• Keywords (english): microRNA; molecular diagnostics; biomarkers; malignant tumors; microRNA detection
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:442584
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-09-26 14:21:20