Novi pristupi terapiji malignih tumora – onkolitički virusi

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): New approaches for malignant tumor treatments – oncolytic viruses
• Author: Lana Hriberski
• Mentor: Petra Korać (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Maligni tumori su među vodećim uzrocima smrti na globalnoj razini. Razvoj učinkovitijih i
specifičnijih metoda liječenja, kako bi se postigao porast stope preživljavanja bez bolesti, od
iznimne je važnosti. Početkom prošlog stoljeća zabilježeno je nekoliko slučajeva remisije
tumorske mase nakon virusne infekcije koji su ukazali na potencijalnu upotrebu virusa kao
imunoterapijskih agensa. Razvojem genetičkog inženjerstva dizajnirani su prvi onkolitički
virusi koji su selektivno uništavali tumorske stanice i aktivirali imunosni odgovor, dok su
zdrave stanice ostale intaktne. Rigvir, Onkorin i T-VEC predstavljaju prva tri lijeka temeljena
na djelovanju onkolitičkih virusa koja se primjenjuju u liječenju malignih tumora te se
neprestano istražuju mnoge druge virusne vrste s jednakim djelovanjem u pretkliničkim ili
kliničkim studijima. Onkolitička viroterapija predstavlja veoma onkoselektivnu, učinkovitu i
biološki sigurnu metodu u liječenju malignih tumora, no pokazuje i određene nedostatke.
Moderne tehnologije omogućavaju razvoj i modifikaciju onkolitičkih virusa, što povećava i
njihov potencijal u liječenju malignih tumora, i u monoterapiji i kombiniranoj terapiji. U
budućnosti, primjena onkolitičke viroterapije predstavljala bi prekretnicu u liječenju tumora.

Abstract (english)

Malignant tumors are among the leading causes of death worldwide. The development of more
effective and specific treatment methods, to achieve an increase in disease-free survival rates,
is of paramount importance. At the beginning of the last century, several cases of tumor
remission after viral infection were recorded, which indicated the potential use of viruses as
immunotherapeutic agents. With the development of genetic engineering, the first oncolytic
viruses were designed that selectively destroyed tumor cells and activated the immune response,
while the healthy cells remained intact. Rigvir, Onkorin and T-VEC represent the first three
drugs based on the activity of oncolytic viruses that are used in the treatment of malignant
tumors, and many other virus species with the same activity are constantly being investigated
in preclinical or clinical trials. Oncolytic virotherapy represents a very oncoselective, effective
and biosafe method in the treatment of cancer, but it also reveals certain disadvantages.
Advancements in technology enable the development and modifications of oncolytic viruses,
which increases their potential in the treatment of malignant tumors, both in monotherapy and
combined therapy.In the future, the use of oncolytic virotherapy would represent a turning point
in the treatment of tumors.

• Keywords: onkolitički virus; tumorske stanice; imunosni odgovor; klinička istraživanja; terapije
• Keywords (english): oncolytic virus; tumor cells; immune response; clinical trials; therapies
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:026826
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-04 09:11:38