Funkcija i organizacija G-kvadripleksa u genomu

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Function and organization of G-quadruplexes in the genome
• Author: Dora Kermek
• Mentor: Jasmina Rokov Plavec (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Chemistry); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Nukleinske kiseline mogu poprimiti različite oblike sekundarne strukture. Jedna od takvih
struktura nastaje u sljedovima bogatim dušičnom bazom gvanin, pri čemu se četiri gvanina
vodikovim vezama povezuju u planarnu strukturu G-kvarteta. Nekoliko G-kvarteta naslaganih
jedan na drugi i poduprijeti šećerno-fosfatnom okosnicom tvore sekundarnu strukturu
G-kvadripleksa. G-kvadripleksi mogu nastati kao dio deoksiribonukleinskih kiselina i kao dio
ribonukleinskih kiselina. Važan su dio genoma eukariota, prokariota i virusa. U eukariotskim
genomima pronalaze se u telomerama, promotorima gena te u transkriptomu. Njihova funkcija
određena je položajem u genomu. Važni su regulatori aktivnosti telomeraze, transkripcije gena
i translacije proteina, ali i poliadenilacije i prekrajanja introna. Mogu se detektirati in vivo
pomoću antitijela i imunofluorescencijom, a dijelovi genoma s potencijalom formiranja
G-kvadripleksa određuju se računalnim algoritmima. Male molekule ili ligandi mogu se
specifično vezivati i stabilizirati sekundarnu strukturu G-kvadripleksa. Stabilizacijom
G-kvadripleksa u pojedinim regijama genoma moguće je potisnuti proliferaciju tumora, zbog
čega se ovakvi ligandi intenzivno istražuju s ciljem pronalaska antitumorskih lijekova.

Abstract (english)

Nucleic acids can adopt various types of secondary structures. One of such structures arises in
guanine-rich sequences, where four guanines link with hydrogen bonds in the planar G-quartet
structure. Few G-quartets stacked on each other and supported by the sugar-phosphate
backbone create a G-quadruplex secondary structure. G-quadruplexes can arise as a part of the
deoxyribonucleic acids, as well as ribonucleic acids. They are an important part of the
eukaryote, prokaryote, and virus genomes. In eukaryotic genomes, they can be found in
telomeres, gene promoters, and as part of the transcriptomes. Their function is determined by
their position in the genome. They are important regulators of telomerase activity, gene
transcription, protein translation, polyadenylation, and intron splicing. In vivo detection of
G-quadruplexes is possible using antibodies and immunofluorescence, and part of the genome
with the potential of forming G-quadruplex can be determined using computational algorithms.
Small molecules or ligands can specifically bind and stabilize the secondary structure of Gquadruplexes. By stabilizing the G-quadruplex structures in certain regions of the genome, it is
possible to suppress the proliferation of tumors, which is why such ligands are intensively
researched with the aim of finding antitumor therapeutics.

• Keywords: sekundarna struktura; G-kvartet; telomera; promotor; transkriptom
• Keywords (english): secondary structure; G-quartet; G-quadruplex; telomerea; promoter; transcriptome
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:408784
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-04 09:30:49