Povezanost globalnog fenomena urbanih toplinskih otoka s povećanjem populacije insekata u gradskim centrima

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The association of the global phenomenon of urban heat islands with the increase in insect populations in urban centers
• Author: Marija Dadić
• Mentor: Perica Mustafić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Proces urbanizacije dovodi do fenomena zvanog „Urbani toplinski otoci“. Urbani
toplinski otoci područja su čija je prosječna temperatura zraka viša u odnosu na suburbana i
ruralna područja. Porast urbane temperature ima najizraženije učinke na ektotermne organizme
– životinje čiju tjelesnu temperatura uvjetuje okolina. Budući da su insekti vitalna komponenta
kopnene biološke raznolikosti, od presudne je važnosti spoznati skup uvjeta koje nameće
urbanizacija (klimatske promjene, dostupnost hrane, prisutnost grabežljivaca, smanjenje
staništa i dr.) te odgovor insekata na novonastale promjene. Gradovi odražavaju uvjete za koje
se smatra da će uslijed globalnog zagrijavanja, biti uvjeti većine staništa. Zbog toga gradovi
nude svojevrsnu mogućnost uvida u buduća zbivanja. Do sada je poznato da su gradska
područja obilježena smanjenom raznolikošću insekata, posebno dvokrilca (Diptera) i leptira
(Lepidoptera). U povoljnijem položaju su opnokrilci (Hymenoptera), posebice pčele
(Anthophila). One su u gradskim sredinama učinkovitije u vidu oprašivanja cvjetnica – napose
u botaničkim i stambenim vrtovima te parkovima. Urbani toplinski otoci dovode i do tzv.
„buđenja spavača“ odnosno do razvoja prilagodbi koje pojedine vrste pretvaraju u invazivne
štetnike. Povećanje topline u gradovima rezultiralo je porastom broja biljojednog štetnika
P.quercifex. Budući da je širenje gradova u nepokolebljivom zamahu, rad nastoji predvidjeti
promjene koje će se događati s populacijama insekata.

Abstract (english)

The process of urbanization has led to a phenomenon referred to as "urban heat
islands". Urban heat islands are areas whose average air temperature is higher than the
temperature in suburban and rural areas. The increase in urban temperature has the most
pronounced effects on ectothermic organisms – animals whose body temperature depends on
the environment. Since insects are a vital component of terrestrial biodiversity, it is essential to
identify the set of conditions imposed by urbanization (climate change, food availability,
presence of predators, habitat reduction, etc.) and the response of insects to new changes. Cities
reflect the conditions which are expected to become the conditions of most habitats due to
global warming. As a result of this, cities provide insight into future events. Until the present
day, urban areas have been considered to contain a reduced diversity of insects, especially twowinged insects (Diptera) and butterflies (Lepidoptera). Membrane-winged insects
(Hymenoptera), especially Anthophila bees, are in a more favorable position. They are more
effective in urban areas in terms of pollination of flowering plants – especially in botanical and
residential gardens and parks. Urban heat islands also lead to the so-called "awakening of
sleeper species", i.e., to the development of adaptations that turn certain species into invasive
pests. The increase of heat in cities has resulted in an increase in the herbivorous pest
P.quercifex. Due to the burgeoning expansion of cities, the paper aims to predict the changes
that will occur to insect populations.

• Keywords: spavajuće vrste; oprašivači; ektotermi; invazivne vrste
• Keywords (english): sleeper species; pollinators; ectotherms; invasive species
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:828183
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2024-09-13
• Created on: 2022-10-06 12:43:45