Molekule kojima stanica prepoznaje virusne DNA i RNA

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Cell molecules for viral nucleic acids' recognition
• Author: Karmen Vuković
• Mentor: Maja Matulić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Organizmi imaju niz mehanizama koji služe za obranu i zaštitu od različitih patogena. Viši
eukarioti imaju imunosni sustav kao sustav organa koji štiti organizam, a imunosni odgovor se po
svojoj prirodi dijeli na nespecifičan ili urođen i specifičan ili stečen. Urođeni imuni sustav
obuhvaća prve mjere obrane od mikroorganizama, prije kontakta s njima. Stanice imaju posebne
receptore koji se aktiviraju prepoznavanjem mikrobnih antigena. Receptori za prepoznavanje
uzoraka (PRR) prepoznaju molekularne obrasce proteina, nukleinskih kiselina i lipida
karakteristične za patogene (PAMP) te pokreću niz signalnih procesa da bi se stanica obranila od
mikroba. Receptori su smješteni na površini staničnih membrana, membranskim sustavima
organela unutar stanice i u citosolu. Molekule koje prepoznaju virusne nukleinske kiseline dijele
se na receptore TLR, receptore RLR, receptore NLR, te receptore ALR i sintazu cGAMP. Vezanje
liganda, virusne DNA ili RNA, na receptore pokreće upalne signalne kaskade reakcija što u
konačnici rezultira proizvodnjom topivih medijatora upalnog odgovora, citokina i kemokina.
Progresivno djelovanje aktiviranih stanica i njihovih topivih produkata ključni je element
učinkovite obrane domaćina od virusne infekcije..

Abstract (english)

Organisms have a number of mechanisms which defend them from different pathogens. Higher
eukaryotes have the immune system, as a complex network of organs and biological processes that
protect the organism. Immune response can be innate or nonspecific and adaptive, or specific.
Innate immune system exerts the first steps of defense against microorganisms, before the contact
with them. Cells have specific receptors which are activated by microbe's antigen recognition.
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) recognize molecular patterns of proteins, nucleic acids and
lipids characteristic for pathogens (PAMP) and initialize a number of signaling processes to protect
the cell from the microbes. Receptors are located on the surface of cell membranes, membrane
systems of organelles inside the cell and in the cytosol. Molecules that recognize viral nucleic acids
are classified into: TLR receptors, RLR receptors, NLR receptors, ALR receptors and cGAMP
synthase. The binding of the ligand, viral DNA or RNA, to the receptors initiates inflammatory
signaling cascades of reactions, which ultimately results in the production of soluble mediators of
the inflammatory response, cytokines and chemokines. The progressive action of activated cells
and their soluble products is a key element of effective host defense against viral infection

• Keywords: urođena imunost; virusne nukleinske kiseline; TLR; RLR; NLR; AIM2; cGAS; citokini
• Keywords (english): innate immunity; viral nucleic acids; TLR; RLR; NLR; AIM2; cGAS; cytokines
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:171622
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-07 09:01:12