Život u ekstremnom okolišu - Deinococcus radiodurans

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Life in extreme environments - Deinococcus radiodurans
• Author: Nikolina Semen
• Mentor: Sunčica Bosak (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Svako novo otkriće organizama na mjestima prethodno smatranim negostoljubivim za život
pomiče ranije postavljene granice i mijenja paradigmu o uvjetima koji su potrebni da bi život
uspijevao. U ovom završnom radu objašnjen je pojam ekstremofila te su opisani ekstremni uvjeti
okoliša i adaptacije koje su organizmi razvili da bi živjeli u takvim sredinama. Posebno je opisana
bakterija Deinococcus radiodurans, organizam koji karakterizira otpornost na niz nepovoljnih
uvjeta poput ionizirajućeg zračenja, vakuuma, suše i vrlo niskih temperatura, što je čini
poliekstremofilom. Prikazane su prilagodbe stanice na oštećenja uzrokovana ionizirajućim
zračenjem na razini aktivne obrane u vidu enzimatske mašinerije za popravak DNA i kontinuirano
prisutne pasivne obrane. Saznanja o ekstremofilima tek pronalaze primjenu u biotehnologiji i
medicini te imaju potencijal u budućnosti odigrati još veću ulogu u pronalasku novih lijekova i
enzima relevantnih za biomedicinska istraživanja, novih načina proizvodnje energije i
biomaterijala te korištenja rekombinantnih ekstremofila u bioremedijaciji okoliša.

Abstract (english)

Each new organism discovery in a place previously thought inhabitable pushes the boundaries
earlier established and changes the paradigm of conditions necessary for life to thrive. In this
bachelor thesis the term extremophile is explained and extreme environmental conditions are
described along with the adaptations developed by the organisms that live in such areas. I focused
on bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans, an organism resistant to several unfavorable factors, such as
ionizing radiation, vacuum, desiccation and very low temperature, which makes it a
poliextremophile. Adjustments of the cell to the effects of ionising radiation are presented in the
context of both active defense - enzyme machinery for DNA repair, and the continually present
passive defense. Knowledge about extremophiles has just started to find its application in
biotechnology and medicine, but has a potential of playing a much bigger role in the future in
finding new drugs and enzymes relevant for biomedical research, new methods of energy and
biomaterial production, as well as using recombinant extremophiles in environmental
bioremediation.

• Keywords: ekstremofili; rezistencija; radijacija; astrobiologija
• Keywords (english): extremophiles; resistance; radiation; astrobiology
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:391330
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-13 10:34:19