Hobotnica: etološki fenomen mora

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The octopus: an ethological marine phenomenon
• Author: Lina Kovačević
• Mentor: Maria Špoljar (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-22, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Gubitkom vanjske i unutrašnje ljušture zbog selekcijskog pritiska koštunjača u mezozoiku, u
hobotnica (Octobrachia) se razvio niz adaptacija na marinski okoliš. Cilj ovog rada je opisati
anatomsko-fiziološke i bihevioralne prilagodbe koje ujedinjuje rad visoko cefaliziranog živčanog
sustava. Od predatora hobotnice se brane izbacivanjem tinte, aposematičkom obojanošću i
mimikrijom. Koordiniraju vizualni, živčani i pokrovni sustav kako bi imitirale okoliš ili drugi
organizam promjenom obojanosti i teksture kože. U lovu koriste nekoliko tehnika služeći se
razvijenim vizualnim osjetilima i kemosenzornim prijanjaljkama lociranim na pokretljivim
krakova. Ženke se pare jednom u životu s više muških partnera kako bi osigurale genetski
kvalitetno potomstvo o kojem se brine. Roditeljske jedinke umiru nedugo nakon što se izlegnu
mlade hobotnice. U svom kratkom životnom ciklusu razvijaju inteligenciju i kognitivne
sposobnosti kojima se izdvajaju od ostalih beskralježnjaka. Daljnjim istraživanjem prilagodbi
hobotnice u promjenjivim okolišnim uvjetima, stvorit će se šira slika o evoluciji adaptacija i
važnosti hobotnica u marinskim ekosustavima.

Abstract (english)

With the loss of the external and internal shell, octopus (Octobrachia) developed a series of
adaptations to the selection pressure of teleosts in the Mesozoic. This survey aims to point out the
anatomical and behavioral adaptations united by the work of the highly cephalized nervous system.
Defense mechanisms include ejecting ink, aposematic coloration, and mimicry. They coordinate
the visual, nervous, and integumentary systems to imitate the environment or another organism by
changing the coloration and texture of the skin. Several hunting techniques combine developed
visual senses and chemosensory suckers located on octopus’ mobile arms. Females mate once in
their lifetime with several male partners to ensure genetically quality offspring she cares for. The
parents die soon after their offspring hatches. In their short life cycle, they develop intelligence
and cognitive abilities that set them apart from other invertebrates. Further research into octopus’
adaptations to changing environmental conditions will create a broader insight into the evolution
of adaptations and the importance of octopuses in marine ecosystems.

• Keywords: obrana; lov; razmnožavanje; inteligencija; ekologija
• Keywords (english): defense; hunting; reproduction; intelligence; ecology
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:044382
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-09-25 09:46:39