prikaz prve stranice dokumenta The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution
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Scientific paper - Original scientific paper
The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution
Genes, 14 (2023), 12; 2200. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14122200
Rosandić, Marija; Paar, Vladimir

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Rosandić, M. & Paar, V. (2023). The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution. Genes, 14. (12). doi: 10.3390/genes14122200

Rosandić, Marija and Vladimir Paar. "The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution." Genes, vol. 14, no. 12, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14122200

Rosandić, Marija and Vladimir Paar. "The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution." Genes 14, no. 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14122200

Rosandić, M. and Paar, V. (2023) 'The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution', Genes, 14(12). doi: 10.3390/genes14122200

Rosandić M, Paar V. The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution. Genes [Internet]. 2023 December 12 [cited 2024 December 24];14(12). doi: 10.3390/genes14122200

M. Rosandić and V. Paar, "The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution", Genes, vol. 14, no. 12, December 2023. [Online]. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:195164. [Accessed: 24 December 2024]

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Title (english)The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Table and Quadruplet Symmetries of DNA Molecules Are Unchangeable and Synchronized with Codon-Free Energy Mapping during Evolution
AuthorMarija Rosandić
AuthorVladimir Paar
Author's institutionUniversity of Zagreb
Faculty of Science
(Department of Physics)
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		NATURAL SCIENCES
Physics
Abstract (english)
The Supersymmetry Genetic code (SSyGC) table is based on five physicochemical symmetries: (1) double mirror symmetry on the principle of the horizontal and vertical mirror symmetry axis between all bases (purines [A, G) and pyrimidines (U, C)] and (2) of bases in the form of codons; (3) direct–complement like codon/anticodon symmetry in the sixteen alternating boxes of the genetic code columns; (4) A + T-rich and C + G-rich alternate codons in the same row between both columns of the genetic code; (5) the same position between divided and undivided codon boxes in relation to horizontal mirror symmetry axis. The SSyGC table has a unique physicochemical purine–pyrimidine symmetry net which is as the core symmetry common for all, with more than thirty different nuclear and mitochondrial genetic codes. This net is present in the SSyGC table of all RNA and DNA living species. None of these symmetries are present in the Standard Genetic Code (SGC) table which is constructed on the alphabetic horizontal and vertical U-C-A-G order of bases. Here, we show that the free energy value of each codon incorporated as fundamentally mapping the “energy code” in the SSyGC table is compatible with mirror symmetry. On the other hand, in the SGC table, the same free energy values of codons are dispersed and a mirror symmetry between them is not recognizable. At the same time, the mirror symmetry of the SSyGC table and the DNA quadruplets together with our classification of codons/trinucleotides are perfectly imbedded in the mirror symmetry energy mapping of codons/trinucleotides and point out in favor of maintaining the integrity of the genetic code and DNA genome. We also argue that physicochemical symmetries of the SSyGC table in the manner of the purine–pyrimidine symmetry net, the quadruplet symmetry of DNA molecule, and the free energy of codons have remined unchanged during all of evolution. The unchangeable and universal symmetry properties of the genetic code, DNA molecules, and the energy code are decreasing disorder between codons/trinucleotides and shed a new light on evolution. Diversity in all living species on Earth is broad, but the symmetries of the Supersymmetry Genetic Code as the code of life and the DNA quadruplets related to the “energy code” are unique, unchangeable, and have the power of natural laws.
Keywords (english)
Languageenglish
Publication typeScientific paper - Original scientific paper
Publication statusPublished
Peer reviewPeer review - international
Publication versionPublished version
Journal titleGenes
Numberingvol. 14, no. 12, 2200
e-ISSN2073-4425
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3390/genes14122200
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:217:195164
Publication2023-12-12
ProjectNumber: IP-2019-04-2757
Title (croatian): Varijante u repetitivnim strukturama višeg reda u centromernim i NBPF dijelovima genoma čovjeka i viših primata
Title (english): Variants in higher order repeat structures in centromeric and NBPF regions of human and higher primates genomes
Acronym: HORVAR
Leader: Matko Glunčić
Jurisdiction: Croatia
Funding stream: Research Projects
Document URLhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/12/2200
Type of resourceText
Access conditionsOpen access
Terms of useLicence Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icon
Public note© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Received: 9 November 2023. Revised: 3 December 2023. Accepted: 9 December 2023. Published: 12 December 2023.
Created on2024-07-22 12:48:27