Proučavanje evolucije broja kromosoma u zdravim i tumorskim stanicama primjenom koncepta makrokariotipa

master's thesis

• Title (english): Study of the evolution of the number of chromosomes in healthy and tumor cells using the macrokaryotype concept
• Author: Ina Mihalj
• Mentor: Nenad Pavin (mentor)
• Committee member: Nenad Pavin (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Matko Glunčić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danko Radić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Novak (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Bokulić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Physics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-05, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Physics

Abstract

Stanična dioba je proces od temeljne važnosti za život čiji je ispravan tijek nužan za propagaciju roditeljskog kariotipa, skupa kromosoma u stanici, u novonastalim stanicama kćerima. Ipak, moguć je nastanak pogrešaka tijekom diobe. Jedna od pogrešaka do koje može doći jest nepravilna raspodjela kromosoma. Ona dovodi do odstupanja kariotipa stanica kćeri od kariotipa roditeljskih stanica. Promjena kariotipa stanica nekih mikroorganizama može služiti boljoj prilagodbi tih organizama na okolinu, a u stanicama sisavaca može promovirati tumorigenezu. Dugodose žne posljedice pogrešne podjele kromosoma i drugih procesa na evoluciju kariotipa nisu potpuno istražene. Da bi se identificirali temeljni mehanizmi koji su zaslužni za odredeni tijek evolucije kariotipa populacije stanica, praktično je koristiti matematičke modele. U ovom radu korišten je koncept makrokariotipa za vizualizaciju evolucije populacije stanica kvasca primjenom na rezultate iz literature. Pronadeno je da se u početku evolucije pojavljuju kariotipi koji imaju kombinacije isključivo 3 i 4 kopije kromosoma, što sugerira da stanice zadržavaju uravnotežen broj kromosoma. Korištenjem pristupa srednjeg polja odredena je dinamika evolucije kariotipa te je pronadeno da upravo stanice koje imaju 3 i 4 kopije kromosoma moraju biti one koje su najbolje prilagodene okolini - moraju imati najveći stanični fitness. Zaključno, eksperimenti i teorija sugeriraju da uravnotežen sastav kariotipa odreduje smjer evolucije populacije stanica kvasca.

Abstract (english)

Cell division is a process of fundamental importance for life, the correct course of which is necessary for the propagation of the parental karyotype, the set of chromosomes in the parent cell, in newly formed daughter cells. However, errors may occur during division. One of the errors that can occur is the irregular distribution of chromosomes. It leads to the deviation of the karyotype of the daughter cells from the karyotype of the parent cells. Changes in the karyotype of the cells of some microorganisms can serve the purpose of better adaptation of the organisms to their environment, on the other hand, in mammalian cells such changes can promote tumorigenesis. The long-term consequences of missegregation and other processes on karyotype evolution are not fully understood. To identify the fundamental mechanisms that are responsible for a certain course of evolution of the karyotype of a population of cells, it is practical to use mathematical models. In this work, the macro-karyotype concept was used for visualizing the evolution of the yeast cell population by applying the concept to results from the literature. Karyotypes with combinations of only 3 and 4 copies of chromosomes were found early in evolution, suggesting that cells maintain a balanced number of chromosomes. Using the mean-field approach, the dynamics of karyotype evolution were determined and it was found that cells with 3 and 4 copies of chromosomes must be the ones that thrive in the given environment - they must have higher cell fitness. In conclusion, both experiments and theory suggest that a balanced karyotype composition determines the direction of yeast cell evolution.

• Keywords: evolucija kariotipa; koncept makrokariotipa; nepravilna podjela genetskog materijala; matematika evolucijske biologije; pristup srednjeg polja; evolucija u kvascu
• Keywords (english): karyotype evolution; macro-karyotype concept; irregular division of genetic material; mathematical evolutionary biology; mean-field approach; evolution in yeast
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:895628
• Project: Number: 855158; Title: Molekularno podrijetlo aneuploidija u zdravim i bolesnim ljudskim tkivima; Title: Molecular origins of aneuploidies in healthy and diseased human tissues; Acronym: ANEUPLOIDY; Leader: Iva Marija Tolić; Jurisdiction: eu; Funder: Europska komisija
• Study programme: Title: The University Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate Programme in Physics; Research Physics; specializations in: Research Physics; Course: Research Physics; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar fizike (sveučilišni magistar fizike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Embargoed access; Embargo expiration date: 2025-07-05
• Created on: 2024-07-26 09:59:19