Utjecaj vuka (Canis lupus) na prisutnost čaglja (Canis aureus) u Hrvatskoj

master's thesis

• Title (english): The impact of wolf (Canis lupus) on the presence of jackals (Canis aureus) in Croatia
• Author: Pavao Kusak
• Mentor: Perica Mustafić (mentor)
• Committee member: Perica Mustafić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Zanella (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nenad Buzjak (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kristina Pikelj (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danijel Orešić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2025-02-18, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Širenje čaglja kontinentalnom Europom i nastanjivanje u područjima na kojima
obitava vuk, postavlja pitanje kako čagalj opstaje uz vuka, većeg pripadnika roda unutar kojeg
postoji i kompeticija i interspecijska agresija. Pojavljivanje vukova i čagljeva na istim mjestima
bilježeno je razdoblju od 01.04.2021. do 30.03.2022 s 39 automatskih kamera na području
Plitvica i 35 na području Knina. Prikupljeno je 563 opažanja vukova i 857 opažanja čagljeva.
Učestalost vukova bila je podjednaka u odabranim dijelovima alpinske i mediteranske
biogeografske regije, a čagljeva bila je 56 puta veća u mediteranskoj regiji u odnosu na alpinsku
regiju. Učestalost čagljeva bila je četiri puta veća od učestalosti vukova u dijelu mediteranske
regije, a 23.3 puta manja u alpinskoj regiji. U mediteranskoj i alpinskoj regiji vukovi i čagljevi
bili su općenito noćno aktivni, što ukazuje na općenito izbjegavanje čovjeka. Tijekom razdoblja
brloženja, vukovi u mediteranskoj regiji su bili aktivni noću i u sumrak, a u alpinskoj tijekom
dana i sumraka. Regionalne razlike u sezonskoj aktivnosti posljedica su različitih obrazaca i
tipova ljudskih aktivnosti. Veći pritisak čovjeka u području mediteranske regije sužava
vremensku nišu vuka na noćno razdoblje, a manji pritisak u području alpinske regije omogućava
aktivnost vuka ravnomjernije raspoređenu tijekom svih doba dana. Čagalj u mediteranskoj
regiji izbjegava prvenstveno čovjeka tako da je aktivan noću, a onda izbjegava i vuka
smanjujući aktivnost kada je vuk najaktivniji. Čagalj u alpinskoj regiji upražnjava svoje životne
potrebe tijekom kraćih i intenzivnijih razdoblja aktivnosti tijekom noći, ali i dana.

Abstract (english)

The expansion of the jackal in continental Europe and its establishment in areas
inhabited by wolves raises the question of how the jackal can survive alongside the wolf, a
larger member of the genus in which there is both competition and interspecific aggression. The
occurrence of wolves and jackals in the same locations was recorded from 01.04.2021 to
30.03.2022 with 39 and 35 automatic cameras in the Plitvice and Knin areas, respectively. 563
wolf observations and 857 jackal observations were collected. The frequency of wolves was
equal in selected parts of the Alpine and Mediterranean biogeographical regions, and the
frequency of jackals was 56 times higher in the Mediterranean region than in the Alpine region.
The frequency of jackals was four times higher than that of wolves in the Mediterranean region
and 23.3 times lower in the Alpine region. In the Mediterranean and Alpine regions, wolves and
jackals were generally active at night, suggesting that they generally avoid humans. During the
denning period, wolves in the Mediterranean region were active at night and dusk, and during
the day and at dusk in the Alpine region. The regional differences in seasonal activity were the
result of different patterns and types of human activity. The higher human pressure in the
Mediterranean region restricts the wolf's temporal niche to the night, while the lower human
pressure in the Alpine region allows a more even distribution of wolf activity throughout the
day. The jackal in the Mediterranean region avoids humans primarily by being active at night
and then avoids the wolf by reducing its activity when the wolf is most active. The jackal in the
Alpine region performs its vital functions during shorter and more intense periods of activity at
night and during the day.

• Keywords: Canidae; oslobađanje mezopredatora; automatske kamere; aktivnost; relativna učestalost pojavljivanja; kompeticija
• Keywords (english): canids; mesopredator release; camera traps; activity; relative frequency of occurrence; competition
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:690196
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences-University graduate programme; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-02-28 11:56:30