Utjecaj protuobraštajnih boja na morske organizme

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The impact of antifouling paints on marine organisms
• Author: Korina Ujčić
• Mentor: Petar Kružić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Od trenutka kada se neki objekt uroni u vodu, na njemu se počinju nakupljati razni organizmi i stvarati obraštaj. Najveći problem čovjeku predstavlja obraštaj na plovilima. Odavno se primijetilo da obraštaj uzrokuje sporiju plovidbu i veću potrošnju goriva te otežava održavanje brodova. Zbog toga su tokom godina isprobavali i koristili razne premaze kojima bi spriječili prihvaćanje organizama. U početku su se, primjerice, koristili katran, vosak i olovo, dok su se kasnije sve više koristili organokositreni spojevi, bakar i drugi spojevi s biocidima. S vremenom su ljudi shvatili da takvi premazi nemaju samo utjecaj na organizme koji se nalaze u obraštaju na brodovima, već im je utjecaj puno širi te djeluju na organizme koji se nalaze u sedimentu i vodenom stupcu. Veliki utjecaj pokazuju promjene u ponašanju, rastu, razvoju i reprodukciji mnogih organizama, kao i izostanak kalcifikacije te pojava imposeksa. S obzirom da se na taj način ugrožava i narušava prirodna ravnoteža ekosustava, počele su se tražiti nove metode kojima bi se brodski trup zaštitio bez utjecaja na okoliš i ne-ciljane vrste. Većina novijih metoda je nastalo oponašanjem površina organizama koji žive u vodi i koji raznim prirodnim metodama sprječavaju prihvaćanje obraštaja na svoje tijelo. To se postiže nano/mikro strukturama ili kemijskim sastavom na površini koji organizmima otežava pričvršćivanje. Ove metode su još uvijek u razvoju i nisu još ekonomski pristupačne da bi zamijenile postojeće metode, ali u budućnosti bi mogle postati popularne kao protuobraštajna sredstva bez utjecaja na okoliš.

Abstract (english)

When objects are submerged in water, organisms adhere to their surfaces and form a biofouling layer. The biggest concern for people is biofouling on ship hulls. It was noticed long ago that biofouling causes slower sailing and higher gas consumption, as well as more complicated and expensive boat maintain. Because of this people have attempted using various coatings to prevent the attachment of organisms. People began by using materials such as tar, wax and lead, while later organotin compounds, copper and other biocides became more popular. With time people noticed that those coatings don't only affect biofouling organisms on ship hulls, but also have a major impact on organisms that live in sediments and in the water column nearby. Major impacts were observed, such as change of behaviour, growth, development and reproduction of many organisms, as well as lack of calcification and the presentation of imposex characteristics in molluscs. Given these environmental impacts, new methods are being sought for protecting ship hulls from biofouling which won't have any impact on the environment and non-targeted species. Most of these methods revolve around mimicing organisms that live in the aquatic environment and have natural protection against attachment of foreign organisms to their bodies. This is achieved by different nano/micro structures or chemical structures on the surface which makes attachment more difficult. These new methods are still in their developmental stages and are not yet economical to replace current commercial methods, however they show promise in prevention of biofouling while minimizing environmental impact.

• Keywords: obraštaj; morski organizmi
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:359650
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-09-19 08:26:10