Uloga telomernog područja u starenju i bolestima čovjeka

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The role of telomeric sequence in ageing and human diseases
• Author: Ivan Prepeluh
• Mentor: Vlatka Zoldoš (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Krajevi kromosoma čovjeka i ostalih eukariota završavaju telomerama, koje imaju ključnu ulogu u očuvanju stabilnosti cijelog genoma. Eukariotski kromosomi su linearne strukture te prilikom replikacije njihovih telomera u svakoj mitotskoj diobi dolazi do gubitka dijela telomerne sekvence. Kada duljine telomera dosegnu kritičnu točku (Hayflickov limit), stanica se više ne dijeli te ulazi u fazu starenja (eng. senescence) ili ulazi u proces stanične smrti (apoptoza). Skraćivanje telomera štiti stanicu od maligne transformacije, smanjujući potencijal stanice da se dijeli, no isto tako smanjenjem duljine, telomere gube svoju funkciju te može doći do nastanka malignog fenotipa. Maligne stanice imaju vječni replikacijski potencijal zahvaljujući enzimu telomerazi koji služi kao kalup za produljivanje lanca bogatog G-nukleotidima. Telomerno područje ne sadrži gene, no njegovim nestankom dolazi do razaranja stukture subtelomernog područja koje je bogato genima. Oštećenjem DNA subtelomernog područja dolazi do raznih mutacija u genima koje imaju kao posljedicu nastanak raznih bolesti i abnormalnih fenotipova.

Abstract (english)

The ends of human and eukaryotic chromosomes terminate with telomeres, which play the key role in preserving the stability of the entire genome. Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear structures and during replication of their telomeras in each mitotic division, a part of their telomeric sequence is lost. When telomere length reaches a critical point (Hayflick limit), the cell no longer divides and enteres the phase of ageing (senescence) or enteres the process of cell death (apoptosis). Shortening of telomeres protects the cell from a malignant phenotype, reducing potential for cells to divide, however, with length loss, temorese lose their function and that can lead to the malignant phenotype. Malignant cells have eternal replication potential thanks to the telomerase enzyme that serves as a template for extending the chain of G-rich nucleotides. Telomeric area does not contain genes, but its disappearence leads to destruction of subtelomeric area which contains many genes. Because of damage in DNA of subtelomeric region there are many variety of mutations in genes that can occur and lead to various diseases and abnormal phenotypes.

• Keywords: telomere; starenje
• Keywords (english): telomeres; aging
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:961832
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-12-11 09:31:21