Inducirani animalni modeli u fiziologiji i imunologiji

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Induced animal models in physiology and immunology
• Author: Ivana Derežić
• Mentor: Nada Oršolić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Kroz povijest se je broj laboratorijskih životinja u istraživanjima povećavao, a s njime se povećavao i broj korištenih vrsta. Danas se životinje koriste kako bi se razumjela njihova biologija te kao organizmi za testiranje lijekova i drugih pojava s ciljem poboljšanja ljudskog zdravlja. Za gotovo svaku poznatu bolest u ljudi istraživači nastoje inducirati bolest sličnih karakteristika u životinja. S ciljem stvaranja takvih modela životinje se podvrgavaju raznim zahvatima koji uključuju operacije, traumatske ozljede, onemogućavanje pristupa hrani i vodi, socijalnu izolaciju, bakterijske i virusne zaraze te izlaganje radijaciji, kemikalijama ili toksičnim lijekovima. Dijabetes tipa I se u zdravih životinja može inducirati primjenom analoga glukoze, streptozotocina i aloksana, a dijabetes tipa II prehranom s povećanim udjelom masti. Ovarijektomija u štakora se najčešće primjenjuje u istraživanjima postmenopauzalne osteoporoze. Upalne bolesti crijeva, ulcerozni kolitis i Crohnova bolest mogu se inducirati pomoću octene i trinitrobenzensulfonske kiseline, indometacina i brojnih drugih spojeva. Istraživanje psorijaze je otežano nedostatkom prirodno javljajućeg poremećaja u laboratorijskih životinja koji oponaša složeni fenotip i patogenezu bolesti u ljudi, ali postoje neke kemijske tvari kojima se mogu prouzročiti simptomi karakteristični za psorijazu. Modeli bolesti središnjeg živčanog sustava se također mogu stvoriti. Miševi su se pokazali kao dobri modeli shizofrenije, Alzheimerove bolesti te Parkinsonove bolesti. Postoji nekoliko načina indukcije tumora u laboratorijskih životinja koji uključuju izlaganje radijaciji i kemijskim tvarima, virusne infekcije te transplantacije.

Abstract (english)

Number of laboratory animals was increasing during the history as well as number of used species. Today, animals are used to understand basic biology and as test subjects for the development and testing of drugs and other phenomena to improve human health. For practically every known human disease researchers attempt to induce similar aspects of the disease in animals. In order to create these models, animals are subjected to different procedures which include surgeries, traumatic injuries, food, water and social deprivation, viral and bacterial infections, exposing to radiation, chemicals or toxic drugs. Diabetes type I in animals can be induced by glucose analogues, streptozoticin or aloxan, while diabetes type II can be induced by high fat feeding. The ovariectomized rat model is most commonly used in research on postmenopausal osteoporosis. Inflammatory bowel diseses, Crohn´s disease and ulcerous colitis, are induced by chemicals like acetic and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, indomethacin and many other. Research into the pathogenesis of psoriasis has been hampered by the lack of a naturally occuring disorder in laboratory animals that mimics the complex phenotype and pathogenesis of the human disease. However, there are some chemicals that can induce certain symptoms which are common in psoriasis. Some central nervous system disease models can be also created. Mice are shown to be good models of schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s disease. There are several ways to induce tumors in laboratory animals which include radiation and chemicals exposures, virus infections and transplantations.

• Keywords: inducirani animalni modeli
• Keywords (english): induced animal models
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:407215
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-12-14 13:17:34