Diabetes mellitus

undergraduate thesis

• Author: Dominik Puljić
• Mentor: Vesna Benković (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Šećerna bolest (lat. diabetes mellitus) je poremećaj povećavanja razine šećera u krvi žlijezde gušterače (pankreas), koji se zbiva kada gušterača prestane potpuno ili djelomično proizvoditi hormon inzulin ili proizvedeni inzulin nije djelotvoran u organizmu. Koncentracija glukoze u krvi kontrolira inzulin, hormon kojeg luče β-stanice endokrinog dijela gušterače. On transportira glukozu koja u krv dolazi iz probavnog trakta, nakon apsorpcije iz hrane ili iz jetre, u stanice mnogih tkiva aktivacijom takozvanih inzulinskih receptora. Povišena koncentracija glukoze u krvi nastaje kada β-stanice gušterače uopće ne luče inzulin ili kada ga luče nedovoljno, kada su stanični receptori rezistentni na inzulin i kada je dotok glukoze u krv nesrazmjerno velik. Proizlazi nadalje da šećerna bolest nije karakterizirana samo povišenom koncentracijom glukoze u krvi nego i potpunim ili djelomičnim nedostatkom inzulina. Metabolički poremećaj ne odnosi se samo na poremećaj metabolizma i nivoa šećera u krvi već i na poremećaj metabolizma masti i bjelančevina. S dužinom trajanja metaboličkog poremećaja nastaju promjene na krvnim sudovima što dovodi do oštećenja kardiovaskularnog sustava bubrega i očiju. Pacijenti sa šećernom bolesti s potpunim nedostatkom inzulina imaju šećernu bolest ovisnu o inzulinu, a pacijenti s djelomičnim nedostatkom inzulina ili s rezistencijom inzulinskih receptora, šećernu bolest neovisnu o inzulinu.

Abstract (english)

Diabetes (lat. diabetes mellitus) is a disorder in which the level of sugar in the pancreas is elevated, and which occurs when the pancreas stops fully or partially producing the hormone insulin, or the produced insulin is not effective within the organism. The concentration of glucose in the blood controls insulin, a hormone which is secreted by β-cells of the endocrine part of the pancreas. Insulin transports glucose which enters the blood through the gastrointestinal tract, after absorption from food or from the liver, and into the cells of various tissues through the activation of insulin receptors. Elevated concentrations of glucose in the blood occurs when β-cells of the pancreas do not secrete insulin or they do not secrete enough of it, when the cell receptors are resistant to insulin and when the flow of glucose to the blood is unproportionally large. It follows that diabetes is not characterized exclusively by elevated glucose levels in the blood, but also by a total or partial deficiency of insulin. This metabolic disorder refers not only to a disorder of the metabolism and the level of sugar in the blood, but also to a disorder in metabolizing fat and protein. With time, this metabolic disorder causes changes in blood vessels which leads to damage in the cardiovascular system of the kidneys and eyes. Patients with diabetes with a complete lack of insuline have diabetes dependent on insuline, and patients with a partial lack of insuline or with insulin receptor resistance, have diabetes independent of insulin.

• Keywords: šećerna bolest; diabetes mellitus
• Keywords (english): diabetes; diabetes mellitus
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:528587
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-12-18 08:36:47