Endemična fauna Australije

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Endemic fauna of Australia
• Author: Maja Sviličić
• Mentor: Ivančica Ternjej (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2010, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Australija je najmanji kontinent, prirodno izoliran od drugih kontinenata te su se zbog toga u Australiji razvile posebne biljne i životinjske vrste. Takve svojte koje imaju mali areal se nazivaju endemima i prema nastanku i starosti razlikuju se paleondemi (reliktni) i neoendemi (mladi). U Australiji je opisano 147579 vrsta, a endemizam je visok u pojedinim skupinama npr. 81% sisavaca (Mammalia) je endemično. Razred Mammalia se dijeli na dva podrazreda: podrazred Prototheria je primitivna skupina sisavaca koji nesu jaja, a podrazred Theria sadrţi dva meĎurazreda: Metatheria i Eutheria. Metatheria (tobolčari) su viviparni, no rađaju mlade koji su na vrlo niskom stupnju razvoja te im majčin tobolac pruža potpunu zaštitu sve dok ne postanu samostalni. Tobolčari su evoluirali tako da su popunili specifične ekološke niše, a u mnogim su slučajevima fizički slični pravim sisavcima u Euroaziji i Sjevernoj Americi koji zauzimaju slične niše – fenomen adaptivne radijacije ili konvergencije. Metatheria sadrži sedam redova, tri su u Južnoj i Sjevernoj Americi, a četiri u Australiji i Oceaniji: Diprotodontia, Dasyuromorphia, Peramelemorphia i Notoryctemorphia. Australija je svijet Metatheria, a na ostalim kontinentima ih je potisnuo međurazred Eutheria (pravi sisavci). Najveću prijetnju Metatheria u Australiji predstavlja unošenje neautohtonih vrsta Eutheria koji obično pobjeđuju u nadmetanju za hranu i prostor. Nativni redovi kopnenih Eutheria u Australiji su predstavnici Rodentia, Chiroptera i Carnivora. U ovom radu izložen je pregled porodica i pojedinih vrsta Prototheria i Metatheria koji predstavljaju australske paleoendeme te porodica i pojedinih vrsta Eutheria koji predstavljaju australske neoendeme.

Abstract (english)

Australia is the smallest continent, naturally isolated from other continents and because of that there have evolved special animal and plant species. These kinds of species have small living space and they are called endemics. Endemics are divided by origin and by age on paleoendemics (relicts) and neoendemics (youngs). It has been described 147579 species in Australia and endemism is high in some groups, for example 81% of mammals (Mammalia) are endemical. Class Mammalia is divided on two subclasses: subclass Prototheria is a primitive group of egg-laying mammals, and subclass Theria includes two interclasses: Metatheria and Eutheria. Metatheria (marsupials) are viviparous but they are producing youngs who are on very low level of development. Mother's pouch gives them entirely protection until they became independent. Marsupials have evolved by occupying special ecological niches and in many cases they are morphologically related to placental mammals in Eurasia and Americs who require similar niches – phenomenon of convergent evolution. Metatheria includes seven orders, three are in Americs and four are in Australia and Oceania: Diprotodontia, Dasyuromorphia, Peramelemorphia and Notoryctemorphia. Australia is the world of Metatheria and on other continents they have been repulsed by interclass Eutheria (placental mammals). The biggest threat to Metatheria in Australia represents the introduction of non-native Eutheria who usually win in competition for food and space. Native orders of terrestrial Eutheria in Australia are the representatives of Rodentia, Chiroptera and Carnivora. In this work is a review of families and particular species of Prototheria and Eutheria who represent Australian paleoendemics, and families and particular species of Eutheria who represent Australian neoendemics.

• Keywords: endemična fauna Australije
• Keywords (english): endemic fauna of Australia
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:501457
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-04 07:34:24