Utjecaj UV zračenja na pojavu raka kože

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): UV-induced cancerogenesis in skin tumors
• Author: Jelena Jurlin
• Mentor: Inga Marijanović (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2011, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Rak kože je jedna od najzastupljenijih vrsta raka te se njegova učestalost sve više povećava u svijetu. Glavni uzrok njegova nastanka je preveliko izlaganje UV zračenju, zbog neinformiranosti o njegovoj štetnosti. Stanjivanjem ozonskog omotača više UV zračenja dopire na Zemljinu površinu, a posebice su štetne komponente UVA i UVB zračenje koje induciraju oštećenja kože formiranjem prekancerogenih lezija poput ciklobutanskih pirimidinskih dimera i 6,4-fotoprodukta te supresiju imunološkog... More odgovora i oksidativna oštećenja DNA molekule. Ukoliko se ova oštećenja ne poprave prije replikacije DNA, mogu rezultirati rastom i nekontroliranom diobom stanica u kojima je oštećenje nastalo a time i nastankom tumora. Tumor je uglavnom lako uočljiv, budući da nastaje u vanjskom sloju kože, pa ga je moguće dijagnosticirati u ranom stadiju, a time i liječiti. Postoji više vrsta raka kože te nisu svi jednako opasni. Najopasniji tip raka je melanom, zbog svoje sposobnosti da se širi i prodire u susjedna tkiva. Veći rizik od nastanka raka kože imaju ljudi svjetlije pigmentacije zbog manje količine melanina koji štiti od UV zračenja, ali i ljudi koji imaju genetičke predispozicije za razvoj ove bolesti. Postoji više načina prevencije razvoja ove bolesti, a uglavnom uključuje smanjeno izlaganje UV zračenju izbjegavanjem izlaska na sunce između 10 i 16 sati, nošenje pokrivala za glavu i sunčanih naočala, boravak u sjeni te nanošenje krema za sunčanje s visokim zaštitnim faktorom. Stoga je najvažnije ljude pravovremeno educirati o rizicima i štetnosti UV zračenja kako bi se povećala svijest o njegovoj opasnosti, a time i spriječio nastanak raka kože. Osim direktnog izlaganja suncu, velik rizik od nastanka raka kože predstavljaju i fototerapije i saloni za sunčanje, stoga bi njihovo korištenje također trebalo izbjegavati. Less

Abstract (english)

Skin cancer is one of the cancer types with the highest prevalence and its incidence is increasing in the world. The main cause of its occurrence is overexposure to UV radiation, due to lack of information about its harmfulness. Thinning of the ozone layer is the cause of more UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, especially its harmful components UVA and UVB. Those two components induce skin damage by forming the pre-cancerous lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and... More 6,4-fotoproduct, by suppressing immune responses and causing oxidative damage to DNA molecules. If this damage is not repaired before DNA replication, it can result in uncontrolled growth and cell division of the cells in which the damage occurred, thus causing tumors. The tumor is usually easily noticeable, since it occurs in the outer layer of skin, so it can be diagnosed at an early stage and therefore be treated. There are several types of skin tumors, and not all are equally dangerous. The most dangerous type of skin cancer is melanoma, because of its ability to spread and invade the surrounding tissues. People with lighter pigmentation have higher risk of skin cancer due to lower amounts of melanin, which protects against UV radiation, as do people who have a genetic predisposition for developing this disease. There are several ways of preventing the development of this disease and they generally include reduced exposure to UV radiation by avoiding the sun between 10 am and 16 pm, wearing hats and sunglasses, staying in the shade and applying sunscreen with high sun protecting factor. Therefore, it is very important to educate people about the risks and hazards of the UV radiation in order to increase awareness of its dangers, and thus prevent the formation of skin cancer. Besides direct sun exposure, photo therapies and tanning salons increase risk of developing skin cancer, so their use should also be avoided. Less

• Keywords: rak kože; UV zračenje
• Keywords (english): skin cancer; UV radiation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:911515
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-06 11:00:20