Tumor supresorski gen p53

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): p53 tumor suppresor gene
• Author: Kristijan Pažur
• Mentor: Inga Marijanović (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2011, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Gen p53 otkriven je 1979. godine i prvi je otkriveni tumor supresorski gen. Njegova glavna uloga u organizmu je sprječavanje nastanka tumora i to na način da na određene podražaje kao što su oštećenje DNA, hipoksija ili aktivacija onkogena može zaustaviti staničnu diobu, aktivirati enzime za popravak DNA ili izazvati apoptozu. Koncentracija p53 u stanici regulirana je proteinom MDM2 koji ga modificira (dodaje ubikvitin) i tako predodređuje za degradaciju proteosomima. p53 je fosfoprotein od 53 kDa, a njegov gen kod ljudi se nalazi na kraćem kraku kromosoma 17. Ovaj gen pripada visoko konzerviranoj obitelji gena koja sadrži još najmanje dva člana, p63 i p73. Divlji tip p53 proteina sadrži 393 aminokiselina i sastoji od nekoliko strukturnih i funkcionalnih područja: na N-terminalnom kraju nalazi se transaktivacijsko područje ili TAD domena, regija bogata prolinom, centralna domena, regija koja sadrži jezgrin lokalizacijski signal, oligomerizacijska domena i C-terminalna bazična domena. p53 ima i važnu ulogu u reprodukciji jer kontrolira implantaciju zametka. Mutacije u genu p53 odgovorne su za većinu tumora kod ljudi kao što su tumori mozga, pluća, dojke, debelog crijeva te maligne bolesti krvotvornog sustava (limfomi i leukemije). Danas se zna da je p53 jedan od najvažnijih tumor supresorskih gena i da su njegove mutacije odgovorne za preko 50% svih novonastalih tumora.

Abstract (english)

p53 gene was discovered in 1979. as a first tumor suppressor gene. The main role of the p53 gene is to prevent tumors by responding to certain stimuli, such as DNA damage, hypoxia or oncogene activation in a way to stop cell division, to activate DNA repair enzymes or to induce apoptosis. Concentration in the cell is regulated by the MDM2 protein that modifies p53 (adds ubiquitin) flagging it for the degradation by proteosomes. p53 is a phosphoprotein of 53 kDa and the gene in humans is located on a short arm of chromosome 17. This gene belongs to a highly preserved gene family containing at least two more members, p63 and p73. Wild-type p53 protein contains 393 amino acids and contains several structural and functional areas: the N terminal end or TAD domain, a region rich in proline, central domain (DNA binding), a region that contains nuclear localization signal, oligomerization domain and C-terminal basic domain. p53 has an important role in reproduction because it controls the implantation of the embryo. Mutations in the p53 gene are responsible for most cancers in humans, such as brain tumors, lung, breast, colon, and malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system (lymphoma and leukemia). Today it is known that p53 is one of the most important tumor-suppressor genes and its mutations are responsible for over 50% of all newly established tumors.

• Keywords: gen p53; tumor supresorski gen
• Keywords (english): p53 gene; tumor suppressor gene
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:874122
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-09 12:23:32