Virusi i podrijetlo života

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Viruses and the origin of life
• Author: Karlo Jezernik
• Mentor: Damjan Franjević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2012, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Najstariji fosilni ostaci organizama stari su oko 3,8 milijuna godina. Prvi organizmi koji su obitavali na Zemlji nisu imali stanice. Bili su to makromolekulski sustavi od kojih su tokom kemijske evolucije nastale prve predstanične tvorbe, protobionti. Iz protobionata su vjerojatno nastale prve stanice, ali evolucijski put od nestaničnih do staničnih organizama nije poznat. Predloženo je da sva danas živa bića imaju jednog zajedničkog pretka. LUCA (Last universal common ancestor) se nalazi u korijenu Stabla života koje prikazuje filogenetske odnose između vrsta. Stablo ima tri grane koje predstavljaju prokariotsku, arhealnu i eukariotsku domenu života. Virusi su organizmi koji mogu egzistirati jedino kao paraziti. Ne smatraju se živima i donedavno su smatrani pasivnim promatračima evolucije. Radikalne nove hipoteze o virusima su predložene. Metode molekularne biologije su pokazale da su virusi vrlo stari i da su virusi bili aktivni promotori evolucije ranih organizama. Nove teorije su virusima dale glavnu ulogu u svim važnim evolucijskim prijelazima.

Abstract (english)

The oldest fossile records of organisms are about 3,8 million years old. First organisms that resided on Earth didn't have cells. They were macromolecular systems from which during the chemical evolution first precellular forms, protobionts, were formed. First cells probably originated from protobionts, but the evolutionary pathway from precellular to cellular organisms is not known. It has been suggested that all today living beings have one common ancestor). LUCA (Last universal common ancestor) is at root of the Tree of life, which presents phylogenetic relationships between the species. The Tree has three branches that represent prokaryotic, arheal and eukaryotic domain of life. Viruses are organisms that can exist only as a parasites. They are not considered alive and until recently were viewed as the passive observers of evolution. Radical new hypotheses about viruses were suggested. Methods of molecular biology have shown that viruses are very old and that they were active promoters of evolution of the early organisms. New theories gave viruses leading role in all major evolutionary transitions.

• Keywords: virusi; evolucija
• Keywords (english): viruses; evolution
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:624246
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-17 11:49:49