Embrionalne matične stanice: tehnike uzgoja i njihova primjena

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Embryonic stem cells: culture techniques and their application
• Author: Marina Kukolj
• Mentor: Gordana Lacković-Venturin (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2012, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Matične stanice imaju sposobnost neograničenog umnažanja u kulturi i sposobnost diferenciranja u brojne tipove stanica. Razlikuju se po potentnosti; unipotentne matične stanice tvore samo jedan tip specijaliziranih stanica, multipotentne matične stanice mogu stvarati više tipova stanica i tkiva, pluripotentne matične stanice mogu stvoriti većinu ili sve stanične tipove odraslog organizma, totipotentne matične stanice mogu stvoriti sve stanice odraslog organizma kao i specijalizirana tkiva koja... More podupiru razvoj embrija. U ovom radu izložen je kratki prikaz matičnih stanica, tehnike uzgoja i moguća područja primjene od kliničkih do znanstveno-istraživačkih, kao i etičke polemike vezane za izvore i daljnju primjenu matičnih stanica. Iako matične stanice već 30 godina koristimo u liječenju leukemije ili prilikom transplantacije kože kod opsežnih opekotina, u novijoj povijesti medicine ova je tema postala predmetom mnogih polemika. Zasad se, kao izvor tih stanica koriste embriji nastali za potrebe umjetne oplodnje, iako se mogu koristiti i embriji nastali transplantacijom jezgre bilo koje stanice tijela donora u neoplođenu jajnu stanicu (terapijsko kloniranje). Kako se prilikom prikupljanja embrionalnih matičnih stanica zametak mora žrtvovati, znanstvenici se okreću drugim tipovima matičnih stanica, kao što su matične stanice odraslih ili, pak, matične stanice dobivene iz krvi pupkovine, a puno se truda i sredstava ulaže u istraživanje načina kako bi se iz diferenciranih stanica (primjerice kože) stvorile matične stanice bez uporabe jajnih stanica. U svakom slučaju, potraga za načinom kako matične stanice usmjeriti u diferencirane stanice koje će biti funkcionalne nakon presađivanja u živi organizam, u punom je jeku i predstavjaju nadu za oboljele od dijabetesa, Alzheimerove i Parkinsonove bolesti, srčanih bolesti, karcinoma, reumatoidnog artritisa i dr. Less

Abstract (english)

In cell culture, stem cells have the ability of dividing indefinitely, as well as differentiating into numerous cell types. They differ in potency: unipotent stem cells develop into one specialised type of cells, multipotent ones are able to develop into multiple types of cells and tissues, pluripotent ones into the majority or all cell types of a mature organism, totipotent cells into all cell types of a mature organism, as well as specialised tissues that support embrional development. This... More paper presents a brief overview of stem cell, cultivation techniques and possible areas of clinical applications and the scientific research, as well as ethical controversies related to sources and further application of stem cells. Although stem cells have been used in the treatment of leukemia and in treatments of skin burns, by using transplantation, for over thirty years now, in the recent history of medicine this topic became the cause of many controversies. Nowadays, stem cells are mostly derived from embryos made by artificial insemination, but embryos made by transplantation of the nucleus of the donor's body cells into an unfertilized egg cell (therapeutic cloning) could be used as well. Since the embryo is destroyed during the act of acquiring EM cells, scientists turn to other types of stem cells, such as adult stem cells or stem cells which can be derived from the blood of umbillical cords. A lot of effort and resources is put into researching ways of creating stem cells from differentiated cells (like skin cells) without the usage of egg cells. In any case, the quest for a way to guide stem cells into differentiated cells that will be functional after transplantation into a living organism is in full throtle. This quest gives hope to those suffering from diabetes, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, carcinomas, rheumatoid arthritis etc. Less

• Keywords: embrionalne matične stanice
• Keywords (english): embryonic stem cells
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:611239
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-18 12:42:36