Inzulin i dijabetes

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Insulin and diabetes
• Author: Željko Pavlinec
• Mentor: Vesna Benković (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2012, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

U ovom radu izložen je kratki pregled metabolizma hormona inzulina i najraširenijeg i najpoznatijeg poremećaja tog metabolizma, dijabetesa. Inzulin proizvode β-stanice Langerhansovih otočića gušterače, te se iz ovih stanica izlučuje kao odgovor na povišenu razinu glukoze u krvi. On smanjuje koncentraciju glukoze u krvi aktiviranjem biosintetskih i inhibiranjem kataboličkih procesa. Inzulin može djelovati samo na one stanice koje posjeduju specifični inzulinski receptor protein na plazmatskoj membrani. Vezanje inzulina na takav receptor povećava brzinu transporta glukoze kroz membranu u stanice. Postoje dva glavna oblika dijabetesa sa različitim uzrocima. Dijabetes melitus tip I, nazvan i inzulin-ovisni dijabetes, je autoimuni poremećaj, u kojem vlastiti imunološki sustav napada stanice gušterače. Ovaj se poremećaj obično javlja prilično naglo tijekom djetinjstva, uništavajući sposobnost organizma da proizvodi inzulin. Terapija se sastoji od inzulinskih injekcija, koje se obično uzimaju nekoliko puta na dan. Dijabetes melitus tip II je okarakteriziran umanjenim odgovorom ciljnih stanica zbog promjene u inzulinskim receptorima. Kod ljudi se obično pojavljuje nakon tridesete godine, te njegova vjerojatnost raste sa starošću osobe, a genetičko nasljeđe i pretilost oboje imaju vrlo važnu ulogu u njegovom razvoju. Preko 90% dijabetičara pati od dijabetesa tipa II i mnogi od njih mogu kontrolirati svoju razinu krvne glukoze isključivo vježbanjem i prehranom, ali dostupni su i lijekovi koji im pomažu u tome.

Abstract (english)

In this work, a short review of hormone insulin metabolism, and its most widespread and most famous disorder diabetes, has been presented. β-cells in Langerhans islets of the pancreas produce insulin, and excrete it as response to an increased level of blood glucose. Its function is to decrease the blood glucose level by activating biosynthetic and inhibiting catabolic processes. Insulin can act only on cells with a specific insulin receptor protein on their plasma membrane. Binding of insulin to specific receptors increases the rate of glucose transport through the membrane into the cells. There are two main forms of diabetes with different causes. Type I diabetes mellitus, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is an autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system mounts an attack on the cells of the pancreas. This disorder usually occurs suddenly during childhood, destroying the organism’s ability to produce insulin. Treatment consists of insulin injections, which are usually taken several times per day. More than 90% of diabetics are type II which is characterized by reduced responsiveness in target cells due to a change in insulin receptors. It usually occurs after the age 30, becoming more likely with increasing age, and both heredity and obesity are major factors in its development. Therefore many control their blood glucose solely by exercise and proper diet, although helpful drugs are also available.

• Keywords: inzulin; dijabetes
• Keywords (english): insulin; diabetes
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:821808
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-19 12:37:03