Imprint kod ptica

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Imprinting in birds
• Author: Marija Vilaj
• Mentor: Milorad Mrakovčić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2012, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Imprint je poseban proces učenja koji se događa u vremenski ograničenom periodu tijekom ontogeneze koji se naziva kritični period. Postoje dvije vrste imprinta: filijalni i spolni imprint. Konrad Lorenz radio je istraživanje filijalnog imprinta na mladim divljim guskama i zaključio da se ptice mogu utisnuti na roditelje, ali i pripadnike drugih vrsta, nežive predmete ili čovjeka. Eckhard Hess je u svojem istraživanju na divljim patkama zaključio da su oni pačići, koji su se utisnuli 13-16 sati nakon izlijeganja, pokazivali konstantnu maksimalnu snagu imprinta. Također je došao i do saznanja da snaga imprinta ovisi o stupnju uloženog napora pačića kada su pratili objekt imprinta. U istraživanju spolnog imprinta kod ptica odgajanih od strane drugih vrsta, na temelju rezultata zaključeno je da je učinak na spolni imprint različiti kod različitih vrsta. Kod velike sjenice zbog, nepravilnog spolnog imprinta, jako je smanjen reproduktivni uspjeh. Spolni imprint nije imao veliki utjecaj kod plave sjenice, dok kod vrste Ficedula hypoleuca uopće nisu zamijećeni znakovi spolnog imprinta. Ficedula hypoleuca je solitarna vrsta, a kod solitarnih vrsta odabir partnera nije toliko ovisan o spolnom imprintu nego o činjenici da one nemaju dovoljno socijalnih kontakata s pripadnicima drugih vrsta. Daljnja istraživanja ove teme vrlo su bitna za uzgoj ptica u zatočeništvu kako bi im se osigurao pravilan spolni imprint, a na taj način i omogućio normalan život kada se reintroduciraju u divljinu.

Abstract (english)

Imprinting is a special kind of learning that occurs only during a restricted time in ontogeny called the critical period. There are two types of imprinting: filial and sexual imprinting. Konrad Lorenz studied filial imprinting on greylag goose. He concluded that birds can imprint on their parents, on members of another species, on inanimate objects or humans. Eckhard Hess concluded in his research on mallard ducks that those ducklings that imprinted 13-16 hours after hatching made a maximum score of imprinting. He also discovered that the strength of the imprinting is dependent on the effort exerted by duckling in following the imprinting object. The cross-fostering study of sexual imprinting, in wich nestling birds were raised by parents of a different species, shows that the impact of sexual imprinting is not constant across species. The cross-fostered great tits were strongly mis-imprinted on the blue tit host. That can explain the low pairing success in great tits. Sexual imprinting didn't have a major impact on pairing success of cross-fostered blue tits. Ficedula hypoleuca didn't seem to be sexually imprinted on their hosts at all. In solitarily living species like Ficedula hypoleuca, identification of a suitable mate depend less on a sexual imprinting and more in a fact that they have less social contact with other species. Further studies on the matther of imprinting are important for breeding birds in captivity in order to ensure a proper sexual imprinting for them and thereby enable a normal life when they return to the wild.

• Keywords: imprint; ptice
• Keywords (english): imprinting; birds
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:521877
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-20 12:24:19