Praćenje stanja bolesti račje kuge u Nacionalnom parku Plitvička jezera

master's thesis

• Title (english): Monitoring of crayfish plague in the Plitvice Lakes National Park
• Author: Dora Pavić
• Mentor: Ana Bielen (mentor)
• Mentor: Ivana Maguire (sumentor)
• Committee member: Ivana Maguire (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danijel Orešić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sven Jelaska (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Alan Moro (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasenka Sremac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-03-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Nacionalni park Plitvička jezera prirodno je stanište dvije zakonom zaštićene zavičajne vrste rakova, riječnog raka, Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758) i potočnog raka, Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803). Slatkovodni deseteronoţni rakovi ključne su vrste slatkovodnih ekosustava, ali se njihova brojnost sve više smanjuje. Jedan od glavnih uzroka njihova nestanka je smrtonosna bolest račja kuga uzrokovana patogenom Aphanomyces astaci (Schikora, 1906) (Oomycetes). Bolest je već zabiljeţena u NP Plitvička jezera, ali je to istraţivanje uključilo mali broj jedinki. Stoga je cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio pratiti prisutnost patogena A. astaci na većem broju jedinki i na više lokacija unutar NP. Uzorkovanje je provedeno na četiri lokacije. Vrsta A. astacus je uzorkovan na lokacijama Burgeti (68 jedinki) i Prštavci (10), a A. torrentium na potocima Prijeboj (22) i Sartuk (15). Korištena je novorazvijena neinvazivna metoda detekcije patogena koja se temelji na uzimanju briseva kutikule te ne uključuje ţrtvovanje rakova. Iz briseva je izolirana DNA te je standardnim PCR-om provjerena prisutnost patogena. Od ukupno 115 testiranih rakova, patogen je utvrĎen kod 9 jedinki riječnog raka (12 %, 9/78) s lokacija Burgeti i Prštavci. Uzorci pozitivni na A. astaci analizirani su i kvantitativnim PCR-testom kako bi se utvrdio intenzitet infekcije. Analizom mikrosatelitnih biljega utvrĎeno je da se radi o patogenu genotipa As, što se podudara s rezultatima prethodnih istraţivanja. Dobiveni rezultati mogu pomoći u razvoju planova zaštite ugroţenih slatkovodnih rakova u NP.

Abstract (english)

Two protected indigenous freshwater crayfish species, the noble crayfish Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the stone crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803), inhabit waterbodies of the Plitvice Lakes National Park.. Freshwater crayfish are keystone species in freshwater ecosystems, but their numbers aredeclining. One of the main threats for indigenous crayfish species is the pathogen Aphanomyces astaci (Schikora, 1906) (Oomycetes), the causative of agent crayfish plague disease. Presence of this pathogen has already been recorded in the Plitvice Lakes but the previous research was done on a small sample. Thus, the main goal of this research was to monitor the presence of the pathogen A. astaci on a large number of individuals and at multiple locations within the National Park. Research was conducted at four locations. Astacus astacus was sampled at Burgeti (68 individuals) and Prštavci (10), and A. torrentium at streams Prijeboj (22) and Sartuk (15). New, non-invasive method for A. astaci detection was applied. The method is based on collecting swabs of mixed epibiotic microbial communities present on the crayfish carapax. The DNA was isolated and the presence of the pathogen's DNA was detected by PCR. Pathogen was detected only in nine noble crayfish specimens (12%, 9/78) from Burgeti and Prštavci. Positive samples were classified into semi-quantitative categories of pathogen load by quantitative PCR. Microsatellite genotyping was applied to identyfy A. astaci Group A strain (As genotype) which is consistent with the results of the previou sresearch. Obtained results are applicable in the development of effective management plans aiming to protect vulnerable native species in NP.

• Keywords: Nacionalni park Plitvička jezera; zavičajne vrste rakova; Aphanomyces astaci; račja kuga; neinvazivna detekcija patogena
• Keywords (english): Plitvice Lakes National Park; indigenous crayfish species; Aphanomyces astaci; crayfish plague; non-invasive disease monitoring
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:026515
• Study programme: Title: Enviromental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra struke znanosti o okolišu (magistar/magistra struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2020-03-15
• Created on: 2018-05-04 10:46:35