Imunoterapija karcinoma pluća

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Lung cancer immunotherapy
• Author: Paula Štancl
• Mentor: Nada Oršolić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Karcinom pluća jedan je od vodećih uzroka smrti u svijetu. Dijeli se na rak pluća malih stanica i rak pluća ne-malih stanica. Osim po histološkim karakteristikama, ova dva tipa dijele se i po karakterističnim molekularnim biljezima, najzastupljeniji je EGFR. Imunosni sustav ima bitnu ulogu u protutumorskom odgovoru, ali može biti i odgovoran za rast i proliferaciju karcinoma pluća. Receptori kontrolnih točaka su citotoksični T-limfocitni antigen 4 (CTLA-4) i receptor programirane stanične smrti-1 (PD-1) koji suprimiraju aktivaciju, proliferaciju i funkciju stanica T čime pospješuju proliferaciju tumora. Razvijaju se imunoterapije koje ciljano djeluju na stanice imunosnog sustava kako bi se pojačao protutumorski odgovor. Imunoterapija primjenom imunosnih inhibitora kontrolnih točaka, poput ipilimumaba i nivolumaba, pokazala se uspješnom u usporedbi s imunoterapijom primjenom cjepiva. Za razliku od klasičnih metoda liječenja, poput kemoterapije, imunoterapija napada ciljne stanice bez oštećivanja zdravih stanica. Kombinirana terapija uključuje imunoterapiju zajedno s kemoterapijom, ciljanim sredstavima i drugim inhibitorima imunosnog kontrolnog tijeka. Takav pristup ima povećani antitumorski odgovor kroz sinergistički učinak lijekova, kao i primjena krio-imunoterapije. Potrebna je dublja karakterizacija međureakcija između imunosnih i tumorskih stanica, te utvrđivanje pouzdanih prediktivnih biomarkera i potpuno razumijevanje mehanizama uključenih u razvoj stečene rezistencije s ciljem poboljšanja selekcije odgovarajućih pacijenta i ukupne terapijske učinkovitosti.

Abstract (english)

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. It is part of small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Except for histological characteristics, these two types are also divided by characteristic molecular markers, the most common being EGFR. The immune system plays an important role in the antibody response but can also be responsible for the growth and proliferation of lung cancer. Control points receptors are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor suppressing T cell activation, proliferation, and function, thereby enhancing tumor proliferation. Immunotherapy targets the immune system cells in order to enhance the anti-tumor response. Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab and nivolumab, has been shown to be successful in comparison with immunotherapy using a vaccine. Unlike classic treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy attacks target cells without damaging healthy cells. Combined therapy includes immunotherapy together with chemotherapy, targeting agents and other immune control flow inhibitors. Such an approach has an increased anticancer response through synergistic drug effects as well as the use of cryo-immunotherapy. Deeper characterization of interactions between immune and tumor cells is required, as well as the determination of reliable predictive biomarkers and a complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of acquired resistance with the aim of improving the selection of appropriate patients and overall therapeutic efficacy.

• Keywords: Karcinom pluća; imunoterapija
• Keywords (english): Lung cancer; immunotherapy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:200491
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-10-01 10:03:15