Fiziološki učinci posta

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Physiological effects of fasting
• Author: Valentina Runko
• Mentor: Vesna Benković (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

S obzirom na čovjekovu evolucijsku sposobnost preživljavanja dužeg vremena bez hranjenja, brojna su se istraživanja bavila potencijalnim zdravstvenim dobrobitima posta. Isprekidani, alternirajući te dugoročni post svi pokazuju pozitivne učinke na zdravlje, pod uvjetom da se adekvatno provode. Dolazi do smanjenja oksidativnih oštećenja, razine upalnih markera, kolesterola i triglicerida, poboljšanja kognitivnih funkcija, kao i povećane osjetljivosti na inzulin i leptin, što smanjuje rizik od... More kroničnih bolesti, te doprinosi dugovječnosti. Bitan mehanizam ovih promjena uključuje prijelaz na ketonska tijela i masne kiseline kao izvor energije; međutim, za razliku od ketogene dijete, ovaj pristup ne uključuje zdravstvene rizike povezane s velikom količinom masti u prehrani. Nadalje, potiče se proces autofagije, povezan s neuro- i kardioprotektivnim djelovanjem, te usporavanjem starenja. Potpuni post ima prednost nad kalorijskom redukcijom jer održava normalnu razinu bazalnog metabolizma, te sprječava endokrine i psihološke posljedice niskokalorične prehrane bazirane na ugljikohidratima; također čuva mišićnu masu, inhibicijom glukoneogeneze u jetri. Studije na životinjama, kao i na ljudskim dobrovoljcima, potvrđuju potencijal uzdržavanja od hrane da produlji životni vijek, ponajviše zahvaljujući nižoj razini slobodnih radikala. Nakon perioda posta nužno je polako ponovno uvoditi nutrijente u prehranu, kako bi se spriječile nuspojave povezane sa sindromom ponovnog hranjenja. Less

Abstract (english)

Considering the fact that humans are capable of surviving without food for a significant amount of time, extensive research has been done on the health benefits of fasting. Intermittent, alternating, and long-term fasting have all shown positive effects on human health, if they are adequately implemented. A reduction of oxidative damage, levels of inflammatory markers, cholesterol, and triglycerides has been observed, in addition to improved cognitive functions and increased sensitivity to... More insulin and leptin, which reduces the risk of chronic diseases, thus being conducive to longevity. An important mechanism of these changes involves the transition to ketone bodies and fatty acids as a source of energy; however, unlike the ketogenic diet, this approach does not involve the health risks associated with the consumption of large amounts of fat. Furthermore, fasting promotes autophagy, which has neuro- and cardioprotective effects, in addition to slowing the aging process. Water fasting is superior to caloric restriction due to its ability to maintain a normal basal metabolic rate, hence preventing the endocrine and psychological side-effects of a low-calorie, carbohydrate-based diet; fasting also prevents muscle-loss, by inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver. Both animal and human studies confirm the potential of fasting to extend life expectancy, largely owing to the reduction of free-radical generation. After a period of fasting, it is necessary to gradually introduce nutrients back into one's diet, in order to prevent the side effects of refeeding. Less

• Keywords: post - fiziologija
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:617704
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-10 07:19:30