Interakcije mikrobiote i domaćina: teorija holobionta

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Host-microbiota interactions: holobiont theory
• Author: Mia Šepčević
• Mentor: Sunčica Bosak (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Pojam holobiont opisuje organizam, domaćina, sa svim njegovim pripadajućim mikroorganizmima, mikrobiotom. Mikrobiota utječe na rast, razvoj i zdravlje domaćina. U ovom radu opisano je nekoliko karakteristika holobionta spužvi (Porifera) i njegov utjecaj na ekosustav. Spužve su mnogostanične životinje s nediferenciranim tkivima koje su važne komponente bentičkih staništa zbog velike biomase i količine vode koju profiltriraju. Neki od čestih rodova mikroorganizama pronađeni u mikrobioti morskih spužava analizom 16S rRNA sekvenci su Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Crenarchaeota i Acidobacteria. Zdravi holobiont je onaj u kojemu su odnosi u mikrobioti u ravnoteži. Ta ravnoteža naruši se promjenom biotičkih i abiotičkih čimbenika. Kada je spužvin holobiont zdrav osigurava nutrijente drugim organizmima. U dubokim morima blizu hidrotermalnih izvora metanotrofne bakterije iz mikrobiote kemoosmozom asimiliraju ugljik i tako osiguravaju hranjive tvari. Dok koraljni grebeni toplih i hladnih mora ovise o spužvinoj petlji kako bi dobili dovoljno nutrijenata i energije. Spužvinom petljom u kojoj sudjeluje i mikrobiota i domaćin DOM se u obliku POM-a vraća u više trofičke nivoe. Ovo su samo neki razlozi važnosti spužvinog holobionta koji je sve ugroženiji zbog negativnog utjecaja klimatskih promjena na njega.

Abstract (english)

Holobiont is an organism with all of its associated microorganisms called microbiota. Microbiota affects growth, development and health of its host. Sponges (Porifera) are multicellular organisms with undifferentiated tissue. Sponges are an important member of benthic habitats because of their large biomass and the capacity for filtering water. This paper describes several characteristics of a sponge holobiont and its effect on the ecosystem. Some of the common microorganism taxa found in the sponge microbiota are Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Crenarchaeota and Acidobacteria. In a healthy holobiont, relationships in the microbiota are at equilibrium. This balance breaks down by changing biotic and abiotic factors. When is the sponge holobiont healthy it provides nutrients for other organisms. In the deep sea near the hydrothermal vents metatropic bacteria from microbiota by chemiosmosis assimilate carbon by which they provide nutrients. While coral reefs of warm and cold seas depend on sponge loop to acquire enough nutrients and energy. Sponge loop uses both microbiota and the host to convert DOM into POM which is then returned to higher trophic levels. This are just some of the reasons why is sponge holobiont important which is getting more endangerd because of the negative impact of climate change on it.

• Keywords: mikrobiota; holobiont
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:165778
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-11 07:07:16