Genetička raznolikost i srodstveni odnosi populacija divlje masline u Hrvatskoj

master's thesis

• Title (english): Genetic diversity and relationships of wild olive populations in Croatia
• Author: Tamara Jankulovski
• Mentor: Zlatko Liber (mentor)
• Committee member: Ines Radanović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Kada istražujemo genetičku raznolikost masline moramo u vidu imati postojanje tri tipa maslina: divlje masline (oleaster), sjemenjaci (olivaster) i kultivirane masline. U ovom istraživanju prikupljeni su uzorci tri populacije divljih maslina s otoka Paga i Lastova, poluotoka Pelješca i 15 najčešćih hrvatskih kultivara. Provedena je analiza 12 mikrosatelitnih lokusa. Izračunati su različiti genetički parametri i upotrebljene različite statističke metode kao što su: informacijski sadržaj polimorfizma, prosječan broj alela po populaciji, alelno bogatstvo, broj privatnih alela, primijećena i očekivana heterozigotnost, koeficijent samooplodnje, genetska diferenciranost, izračun matrice genetičke udaljenosti, izrada NJ stabla, Bayesovska analiza skupina na temelju modela te faktorska analiza korespondencije. Jedinke u populaciji Pelješac određene su kao olivasteri, a ne kao prave divlje masline (oleasteri). Pravim divljim populacijama su se pokazale samo populacije Pag i Lastovo. Kultivari Piculja i Mrčakinja nisu kultivari, nego prave divlje masline koje zbog obilne i redovite cvatnje služe u maslinicima kao obilan izvor peluda tijekom sezone oprašivanja, signifikantan koeficijent samooplodnje (FIS) u populaciji Pag ukazuje da je ova divlja populacija, vjerojatno zbog smanjenja veličine, prošla kroz genetičko usko grlo (eng. bottleneck). Dobiveni rezultati naglašavaju potrebu očuvanja prirodnih populacija divljih maslina kao rezervata rijetkih i vrijednih alela u oplemenjivačkim programima.

Abstract (english)

When we research the genetic diversity of olives, we have to keep in mind the existence of three types of olives: wild olives, feral forms and cultivated olives. In this study, the samples of three wild olive populations from the islands of Pag and Lastovo, the peninsula Pelješac and 15 most common Croatian cultivars were collected. An analysis of 12 microsatellite loci was performed. Various genetic parameters were calculated and different statistical methods were used such as: polymorphism information content, average number of alleles per population, allelic richness, number of private alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, calculation of genetic distances, creation of NJ tree, Bayesian model-based cluster analysis and factorial correspondence analysis. The individuals of the population Pelješac were characterized as feral forms not as true wild olives (oleaster). Wild origin has only been confirmed to the populations Pag and Lastovo. The cultivars Piculja and Mrčakinja were not cultivars but true wild olives, which, due to their abundant and regular flowering, serve as an abundant source of pollen during pollination season in the olive groves. The significant FIS coefficient in the Pag population indicates that this wild population, probably due to a decrease in size, has undergone a genetic bottleneck. The obtained results underlined the need to conserve natural populations of wild olives as reserves of rare and valuable alleles in breeding programs.

• Keywords: divlje masline; sjemenjaci; kultivari; genetička raznolikost; mikrosatelitni biljezi
• Keywords (english): wild olives; feral forms; cultivars; genetic diversity; microsatellite markers
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:479747
• Study programme: Title: Integrated undergraduate and graduate university study of Biology and Chemistry Education; specializations in: Integrated undergraduate and graduate university study of Biology and Chemistry Education; Course: Integrated undergraduate and graduate university study of Biology and Chemistry Education; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacije biologije i kemije (magistar/magistra edukacije biologije i kemije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-14 08:58:12