Antibiotska rezistencija: prošlost, sadašnjost i buduće strategije

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Antibiotic resistance: the past, the present and future strategies
• Author: Janja Josić
• Mentor: Martina Šeruga Musić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Antibiotska rezistencija je otpornost bakterija na antibiotike, tj. njihova sposobnost rasta u prisutnosti antibiotika. Razvoj antibiotske rezistencije primjer je prirodne selekcije pri čemu prisutnost antibiotika predstavlja selektivni pritisak, a samo one bakterije koje posjeduju gene za otpornost na antibiotik će preživjeti. Antibiotska rezistencija postoji već dugi vremenski period kao sastavni dio evolucije bakterija, ali suvremeni način života te iracionalna i prekomjerna upotreba antibiotika znatno ubrzavaju proces njezina razvoja i širenja. Postoje dva tipa rezistencije: primarna (intrinzična), koja nastaje kao posljedica nepostojanja ciljnog mjesta za antibiotik u bakteriji, i sekundarna (stečena) koja nastaje kao posljedica mutacije bakterijskog genoma ili horizontalnog prijenosa gena (transformacija, transdukcija i konjugacija). Mehanizmi djelovanja sekundarne rezistencije su enzimatska modifikacija antibiotika, promjena u molekularnoj strukturi ciljnog mjesta za antibiotik, promjena propusnosti bakterijske vanjske membrane te ubrzano izbacivanje antibiotika iz stanice. Antibiotska rezistencija predstavlja veliki globalni problem jer je liječenje učestalih bakterijskih infekcija postalo otežano. Kako bi se problem antibiotske rezistencije u budućnosti smanjio, potrebno je poduzeti određene mjere poput smanjenja upotrebe antibiotika, edukacije stanovništva te poticanja istraživanja u svrhu boljeg razumijevanja mehanizama antibiotske rezistencije i razvijanja novih, učinkovitijih antibiotika na koje bakterije neće biti otporne, barem neko vrijeme.

Abstract (english)

Antibiotic resistance is the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics i.e. their abitility to grow in the presence of antibiotics. The development of antibiotic resistance is an example of natural selection where the antibiotics represent a selective pressure and only those bacteria that have resistance genes will survive. Antibiotic resistance has been a part of the evolution of bacteria for a long time already but the modern lifestyle, irrational and excessive use of antibiotics accelerate the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. There are two types of antibiotic resistance: intrinsic, which is a result due to the lack of the antibiotic's target in the bacteria and „acquired“ which can be a result of mutations in the bacterial genome or a result of horisontal gene transfer (transformation, transduction and conjugation). The mechanisms of „acquired“ resistance are: enzymatic modification of the antibiotic, change in the molecular structure of the target molecule, change in the permeability of the bacterial outer membrane and efflux of the antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance is a big global problem because the treatment of common bacterial infections became more difficult. To reduce the problem of antibiotic resistance in the future, there are some precautions that need to be taken: reducing the consumption of antibiotics, educating the population and encouraging further research with the aim of better understanding mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and producing new and more efficient antibiotic to which bacteria will not be resistant, for at least some time.

• Keywords: antibiotska rezistencija
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:657092
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-09-25 11:29:21