Genotoksični učinci insekticida klorpirifosa, imidakloprida i α-cipermetrina i herbicida terbutilazina, glifosata i tembotriona u uvjetima in vitro i in vivo

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Genotoxic effects of insecticides chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and α-cypermethrin and herbicides terbuthylazine, glyphosate and tembotrione in vitro and in vivo
• Author: Vedran Mužinić
• Mentor: Davor Želježić (mentor)
• Committee member: Vesna Benković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirjana Pavlica (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Feodora Stipoljev (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-01-09, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 57 - Biological sciences. Physical anthropology. Biodiversity

Abstract

Pesticidi su iznimno važni kemijski spojevi, međutim, odavno je poznato da štetno djeluju i na neciljane organizme, uključujući i čovjeka. Genotoksičnost se očituje remećenjem strukture i funkcije DNA te je povezana s razvojem malignih bolesti. Stoga smo odlučili istražiti genotoksični učinak često korištenih pesticida u niskim razinama od značaja za ljudsku izloženost. Genotoksičnost insekticida klorpirifosa, imidakloprida i α-cipermetrina te herbicida glifosata, terbutilazina i tembotriona u uvjetima in vitro smo ispitali alkalnim komet testom, mikronukleus testom i analizom razdiobe kromosoma 18, 9, X i Y. Genotoksičnost α-cipermetrina i tembotriona u uvjetima in vivo ispitali smo alkalnim komet testom na gravidnim i dojećim štakoricama soja Wistar i njihovim neizravno izloženim mladuncima. Pesticidi su u uvjetima in vitro djelovali izraženije aneugenim mehanizmom. Tembotrion je pokazao izraženiji genotoksični učinak u odnosu na α-cipermetrin u odraslim štakoricama. Povišenje oštećenja DNA u mladuncima upućuje na mogući prijelaz oba pesticida preko placente, te tembotriona preko majčinog mlijeka.

Abstract (english)

Pesticides are exceptionally important chemical compounds, however, it has been known they can have harmful effects on non-target species, including humans. Genotoxicity is manifested by disruption of structure and function of DNA, and is associated with development of malign disesases. Therefore, we decided to examine the genotoxic effect of commonly used pesticides at low levels of importance to human exposure. We analyzed the in vitro genotoxicity of insecticides chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, α-cypermethrin and herbicides gylphosate, terbuthylazine and tembotrione via alkaline comet assay, micronucleus assay as well as chromosome 18, 9, X, and Y segregation analysis. We analyzed the genotoxicity of α-cypermethrin and tembotrione in vivo by alkaline comet assay in gestating and lactating Wistar rat dams as well as their indirectly exposed offspring. The pesticides have effected mostly by aneugenic mechanism in vitro. Tembotrione showed more pronounced genotoxic effect compared to α-cypermethrin in dams. Elevation of DNA damage in offspring suggests possible transplacental transfer for both pesticides, as well as translactational transfer for tembotrione.

• Keywords: ne-ciljana toksičnost; klastogenost; aneugenost; biopesticidi; transplacentalno; translaktacijski
• Keywords (english): non-target toxicity; clastogenicity; aneugenicity; biopesticides; transplacental; translactaional
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:461703
• Promotion: 2021
• Study programme: Title: Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje prirodnih znanosti, polje biologija (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje prirodnih znanosti, polje biologija)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-02-24 12:37:58