Imunosni odgovor tijela na tumorske stanice

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Immune response to cancer cells
• Author: Anja Krstulović
• Mentor: Petra Korać (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Imunosni je sustav zadužen za obranu organizma od štetnih mikroorganizama. Imunost je sposobnost imunosnog sustava da uklanja štetne tvari i organizme te protiv njih pokreće obrambenu reakciju. Dijeli se na dva tipa, specifičnu (stečenu) i nespecifičnu (urođenu) imunost. Specifičnu imunost karakterizira proizvodnja antitijela ili stanica koje su specijalizirane za točno određeni antigen i njemu pripadnog uzročnika upale. Nespecifičnu imunost karakterizira brza reakcija na široki spektar uzročnika. Zajedničkim djelovanjem usporavaju i uklanjaju rast i razvoj tumora. Uspješnost razvoja tumora usko je povezana s njegovom sposobnošću uređivanja vlastitog mikrookoliša, mobilizacije okolnih stanica i polarizacije imunosnih ka imunosupresivnom fenotipu. Značajnost uloge tumorskog mikrookoliša vidi se iz hipoteze imunosnog uređivanja tumora koja se dijeli na tri glavne faze: faze uništavanja, ravnoteže i bijega tumora. Bijeg od imunosnog sustava tumorske stanice osiguravaju aktivacijom ili promjenom raznih signalizacijskih putova i interakcija koje ublažavaju učinak imunosnog odgovora ili onemogućuju njegovu funkciju. Uspostavom dominacije nad okolnim tkivom na mjestu nastanka tumorske stanice osiguravaju uvjete za širenje po organizmu, invaziju i metastaziranje.

Abstract (english)

The role of the immune system is to protect the body by eliminating harmful substances and invading microorganisms. Its ability to do so is called immunity which can be divided into two types: innate and adaptive. The main attribute of innate immunity is the ability to swiftly respond to a wide range of pathogens, whereas adaptive immunity forms its response via the production of antibodies and cells that are specifically developed to recognize certain antigens and destroy their carriers. By coming together they interfere with the tumor development. Tumors are clusters of immortal cells which have acquired the ability of infinite growth. The success of their development lies in their proficiency in the manipulation of their microenvironment. The role of the tumor microenvironment is presented in the hypothesis of cancer immunoediting, which is divided into three phases: elimination phase, equilibrium state, and tumor escape phase. The immunosuppressive conditions of the microenvironment that are imposed by cancer cells and their recruited cells facilitate tumor escape by activating or changing various signaling pathways which allow them further mitigation of the immune response. By establishing sheer dominance over the surrounding tissue the tumor ensures the conditions fit for the invasion.

• Keywords: imunosne stanice; citokini; imunosni odgovor; specifična i nespecifična imunost; tumorski stanični mikrokoliš; imunosno uređivanje tumora; tumorski bijeg; onkogeni signalni putovi
• Keywords (english): immune cells; cytokines; immune response; innate and adaptive immunity; tumor microenvironment; immunoediting; tumor escape; oncogenic signaling pathways
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:828675
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-09-16 11:07:16