Evolucija koncepta umjetne inteligencije

master's thesis

• Title (english): The evolution of the concept of artificial intelligence
• Author: Antonija Pantar
• Mentor: Vedran Čačić (mentor)
• Committee member: Vedran Čačić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Igaly (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Radulović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Pejković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Mathematics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Mathematics

Abstract

U prvom poglavlju opisuje se razdoblje u kojem se razvijaju prvi koncepti umjetne inteligencije i formiraju se osnove modernog računarstva. Znanstvenici organiziraju niz sastanaka na kojima raspravljaju o pitanjima inteligencije, razmišljanja i informacija te konačno formiraju znanost — kibernetiku. Neki od najutjecajnijih ljudi uključenih u ovo poglavlje su Norbert Wiener, Arturo Rosenblueth, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Warren McCulloch i Walter Pitts. Drugo poglavlje opisuje prijelaz sa konektivističkog na simbolički pristup proučavanju i razvoju računala. Prvi puta se umjetna inteligencija formira kao polje znanosti i uvodi se pojam GOFAI. Prikazuje se računalo kao automatizirani interpretirani formalni sustav. Kao jedni od najbitnijih ljudi navode se Charles Babbage, Alan Turing i John von Neumann zajedno s njihovim arhitekturama računala. Kao poseban tip arhitekture ističe se LISP koji je razvio John McCarthy. U trećem poglavlju obrađuje se tema dubokog učenja, odnosno proces vraćanja konektivističkom pristupu i daljnjeg razvoja. Detaljno se obrađuje tema nadziranog učenja i neuronskih mreža, odnosno kako smo od jednog neurona došli do dubokih neuronskih mreža. Zaključuje se nedavnim uspjesima u svijetu umjetne inteligencije i podjelom umjetne inteligencije.

Abstract (english)

In the first chapter the time in which the first concepts of Artificial Intelligence are developed and the bases of modern computer science are formed is described. Scientists organize a series of meetings in which they debate on intelligence, thinking and information, and finnaly they form a science — Cybernetics. Some of the most notable people included in this chapter are Norbert Wiener, Arturo Rosenblueth, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts. The second chapter revolves around the change from connectivist AI to symbolic AI. Artificial Intelligence is formed as a field of science for the first time, and GOFAI is introduced. A computer is represented as an automated interpreted formal system. Charles Babbage, Alan Turing and John von Neumann, as some of the most important people of that time, and the computer architectures they made are mentioned. John McCarthy’s LISP stands out as a special type of architecture. The third chapter deals with the topic of deep learning, and more of the process of returning to the connectivist approach and further developement. The topic of supervised learning and neural networks is discussed in detail, ie how we came from one neuron to deep neural networks. It concludes with recent successes in the world of artificial intelligence and the division of artificial intelligence

• Keywords: kibernetika; GOFAI; računalo kao automatizirani interpretirani formalni sustav; LISP; neuronske mreže
• Keywords (english): Cybernetics; GOFAI; automated interpreted formal system; LISP; neural networks
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:243479
• Study programme: Title: Computer Science and Mathematics; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra računarstva i matematike (magistar/magistra računarstva i matematike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-09-16 11:22:30