Primjena RNA interferencije kao biopesticida

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Application of RNA interference as a biopesticide
• Author: Lucija Kumek
• Mentor: Nenad Malenica (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Naglo širenje spoznaja u području biljne RNA interferencije dovelo je do ideje o primjeni tog mehanizma u poljoprivrednom uzgoju biljaka u svrhu povećanja prinosa kultiviranih biljaka. U posljednje vrijeme intenzivno se radi na razvoju metoda koje koriste biljni RNAi mehanizam u svrhu postizanja otpornosti na brojne ekonomski važne biljne patogene. Jedna takva metoda je utišavanje gena inducirano domaćinom ili HIGS. HIGS uključuje stvaranje transgeničnih biljaka sposobnih da proizvode sRNA molekule koje ciljaju gene određenog patogena odgovorne za virulenciju ili njegove esencijalne gene. Ova metoda se pokazala kao uspješna strategija za dobivanje biljaka rezistentnih na različite skupine patogena, uključujući insekte, obliće, gljive i oomicete. Varijacija ove strategije, izvana inducirano utišavanje gena ili SIGS, razvijena je kako bi se zaobišli problemi uvođenja genetički modificiranih biljaka u komercijalnu proizvodnju i zahtjevan proces genetičke transformacije. Umjesto biljaka modificiranih da stvaraju specifične sRNA, strategija SIGS koristi izvana dodane sRNA molekule koje ciljaju gene patogena. Upošljavanje mehanizma RNAi kako bi se postigla otpornost ispostavljeno je kao moderna taktika koja uspješno nadilazi većinu problema proizašlih ih prekomjernog korištenja kemijskih pesticida. Tako je stvorena nova generacija djelotvornih i ekološki prihvatljivih RNAi-baziranih bioloških pesticida, s velikim potencijalom za primjenu u masovnom uzgoju biljaka u okviru poljoprivredne prakse.

Abstract (english)

The rapid expansion of knowledge in the field of plant RNA interference has brought up many ideas concerning the use of this mechanism in plant agriculture to increase the yield of cultivated plants. Lately, intensive work has been put in developing methods which use the plant RNAi mechanism for the purpose of developing resistance on numerous economically important plant pathogens. One such method is host-induced gene silencing or HIGS. HIGS includes generating transgenic plants with the ability to produce sRNA molecules which target virulence or essential genes of a specific pathogen. This method has been shown as a successful strategy for obtaining plants resistant to different groups of pathogens, including insects, nematodes, fungi and oomycetes. A variation of this strategy, spray-induced gene silencing or SIGS, has been developed to bypass the problems of introducing genetically modified plants in commercial production and the challenging process of genetic transformation. Instead of producing plants which synthesize specific sRNA, SIGS strategy uses externaly applied sRNA molecules which target pathogen genes. The employment of RNAi mechanism to achieve resistance has been shown as a modern tactic that successfully overcomes most of the notorious problems which the overuse of chemical pesticides faces. Thus, scientists have created a new generation of effective and sustainable RNAi-based biological pesticides with a great potential of application in agriculture.

• Keywords: RNAi; sRNA; interakcije biljaka i patogena; biopesticidi; HIGS
• Keywords (english): RNAi; sRNA; plant-pathogen interactions; biopesticides; HIGS
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:878830
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-09-20 13:12:35