| Abstract | Pinna nobilis, kao najveći školjkaš Jadranskog, ali i Sredozemnog mora iznimno je važna vrsta marinskih ekosustava. Može narasti do 120 cm, a životni vijek ove vrste je do čak 50 godina. Sjedilački je organizam, a hrani se fito i zooplanktonima. Nastanjuje pjeskovita i muljevita morska dna, a može se pronaći u obalnim područjima na dubinama od 0.5 do 40 m. Osim što je filtrator velikih razmjera, također je i stanište manjim epibiontskim organizmima te simbiont Decapodnim vrstama Pontonia pinnophylax i Nepinnotheres pinnotheres. Od klimatskih promjena uzrokovanih čovjekom, kao i destruktivnog antropogenog ponašanja što uključuje degradaciju staništa, ilegalno kočarenje, obalne izgradnje, sidrenja brodova, ilegalnog vađenja te općenito zagađenje, ovaj plemeniti školjkaš susreo se s još jednim protivnikom. To je mikroskopski organizam Haplosporidium pinnae iz skupine praživotinja koji uvelike otežava borbu za opstanak ovoj vrsti. Neki od simptoma infekcije su crni nabori plašta, tamno obojena probavna žlijezda, blijed i povučen plašt, ljušture jedinke zatvaraju vrlo sporo ili se ne mogu zatvoriti do kraja te imaju sporu reakciju na vanjske podražaje, a zaraženost se može determinirati tek kad su simptomi vidljivi. Naši su znanstvenici na temelju primjera masovnog pomora iz 2016. godine u Sredozemnom moru na obalama Španjolske, te provedenim istraživanjima na našim obalama, uvidjeli potrebu za spašavanjem P. nobilis. Prisutnost ovog parazita u Jadranskom moru uočeno je prvi put 2019. godine u kod otoka Jakljan, Lopud, Šipan i Koločep. Sjeverni dio Jadranskog mora ostalo je jedino područje na kojem ovaj parazit nije bio uočen, a populacije P. nobilis bile su žive. Stoga su znanstvenici iz pulskog Aquariuma uzeli ukupno 233 zdrave jedinke iz njihovog prirodnog staništa, točnije šireg obalnog pulskog područja, područja Vinkuranske vale te Rovinja te su ih premjestili u sterilne bazene u kojima za njih cijeli dan brinu. Osim sterilnih bazena, ove jedinke dobivaju i hranu, fito i zooplankton iz sterilnog uzgoja. Cilj ovih bazena je pokušaj reprodukcije te u slučaju pozitivnih rezultata vraćanje novouzgojenih jedinki u prirodno stanište. Iako znanstvenici ulažu velike napore, ali i novce u pokušaj spašavanja našeg najvećeg školjkaša, to sigurno neće biti dovoljno. Potrebne su strože kazne za ilegalno vađenje, povećani monitoring ove vrste te povećanje svijesti i općenito obrazovanja ljudi o problemima s kojima se svakodnevno živi svijet susreće. |
| Abstract (english) | Pinna nobilis, the largest shellfish in the Adriatic and the Mediterranean, is an extremely important species of marine ecosystems. It can grow up to 120 cm, and the lifespan of this species is up to 50 years. It is a sedentary organism that feeds on phytoplankton and zooplankton. It inhabits sandy and muddy seabeds, and can be found in coastal areas at depths of 0.5 to 40m. In addition to being a large-scale filter, it is also a habitat for smaller epibiont organisms and a symbiont of the Decapod species Pontonia pinnophylax and Nepinnotheres pinnotheres. From man-made climate change, as well as destructive anthropogenic behavior that includes habitat degradation, illegal trawling, coastal construction, ship anchoring, illegal extraction and general pollution, this noble shellfish has met another adversary. It is a microscopic organism Haplosporidium pinnae from the group of Protozoa that greatly complicates the struggle for survival of this species. Some of the symptoms of infection are black folds of the mantle, dark colored digestive gland, pale and withdrawn mantle, the shells of the individual close very slowly or cannot close completely and have a slow reaction to external stimulation. Infection can be determined only when symptoms are visible. Based on the examples of the 2016 massacre in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Spain, and the research conducted on our shores, our scientists saw the need to save P. nobilis. The presence of this parasite in the Adriatic Sea was observed for the first time in 2019 near the islands of Jakljan, Lopud, Šipan and Koločep. The northern part of the Adriatic Sea remained the only area where this parasite was not present, and P. nobilis populations were alive. Therefore, scientists from Pula's Aquarium took a total of 233 healthy individuals from their natural habitat, more precisely the wider coastal area of Pula, the area of Vinkuranska vala and Rovinj, and moved them to sterile pools where they are cared for all day. In addition to sterile pools, these individuals also receive food, phyto and zooplankton from sterile farming. The goal of these pools is to try to reproduce and, in case of positive results, return the newly bred individuals to their natural habitat. Although scientists are making great efforts, but also investing great amount of money, in an attempt to save our largest shellfish, this will certainly not be enough. Stricter penalties are needed for illegal extraction, increased monitoring of the species, and increased awareness and general education of people about the problems that nature faces on a daily basis. |
