Eholokacija i komunikacija šišmiša

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Echolocation and communication of bats
• Author: Paula Počanić
• Mentor: Milorad Mrakovčić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2009, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Eholokacija je za šišmiše ono što je vid za ljude, osnovni način percepcije svijeta. Naoko jednostavan princip odašiljača i receptora, zapravo je složen sustav odašiljanja različitih zvukovnih signala i primanja jeke istih. Eholokacijski zvukovi imaju mnogo karakteristika koje se razlikuju između porodica, a katkada i između jedinki iste vrste. Upravo zahvaljujući tome moguća je determinacija vrsta očitavanjem eholokacijskih zvukova. Eholokacijom se šišmiši koriste za orijentaciju u prostoru, lov plijena ta za komunikaciju sa ostalim jedinkama. Cijela morfologija glave šišmiša u ulozi je što bolje eholokacije. Upravo iz tog razloga postoje razni tjelesni privjesci koji omogućavaju što bolju proizvodnju i usmjeravanje zvuka. Šišmiši se koriste i ostalim osjetilima poput njuha, pri lovu plijena, no eholokacija im omogućuje potrebnu preciznost. Zvukovi kojima se koriste pri eholociranju su većinom visokih frekvencija, a time i nečujni ljudima. Upravo se zbog toga u početku mislilo da su šišmiši tihe životinje, no danas znamo da proizvode zvukove izrazito velike glasnoće. Eholokacijski zvukovi su veoma fleksibilni, a šišmiši ih mogu modulirati ovisno o području na kojem se nalaze. Tako razlikujemo glasanje vrsta koje love na otvorenim prostorima od onih čija su lovišta uz rub šume ili pak usred guste vegetacije.

Abstract (english)

Echolocation is for bat what vision is for people, the basic way to get the perception of the world. What looks like a simple principle of transmitters and receptors, is actually a complex system of sound transmission of different signals and receiving an echo of the same. Echolocation sounds have many characteristics that differ between families, and sometimes even between individuals of the same species. Thanks to this, determination of the species is possible by reading echolocation sounds. For those purposes they can alter frequency and/or intensity of the ultrasound signals. Bats use echolocation for orientation in space, catching the prey or to communicate with other individuals. The entire morphology of the bat's head is based on producing better echolocation signal. Precisely for this reason there are various physical extras that allow bat a better production and sound focusing. Bats use other senses as well, such as smell, when hunting prey, but echolocation gives them the necessary precision. Echolocation calls are mostly high-frequency signals, and thus silent to people. This is why people initially thought that the bats were quiet animals, but today we know that they produce very loud sounds while echolocating. These sounds are very flexible, and bats can modulate them depending on the foraging area. Thus, we can distinguish species that forage in open spaces from those who hunt along the edge of the forest or in the middle of dense vegetation.

• Keywords: eholokacija; šišmiši
• Keywords (english): echolocation; bats
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:130113
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-03-15 10:45:18