Pojava atavizama u razvoju: molekularni mehanizmi i evolucijske implikacije

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Atavisms in development: molecular mechanisms and evolutionary implications
• Author: Ana Matešković
• Mentor: Romana Gračan (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Pojava atavizama u jedinkama modernih životinja pomaže povezati postojeće vrste sa pronađenim fosilima koji pripadaju izumrlim predačkim ili srodnim vrstama. Nadopunjavajući fosilne dokaze sa atavizmima, i rudimentima, lakše je pratiti promjene koje su dovele do evolucije modernih svojstava i pretpostaviti objašnjenje mogućih mehanizama i selektivnih pritisaka koji su omogućile te promjene.
U ovom radu opisano je nekoliko primjera životinjskih atavizama te su oni smješteni u kontekst evolucije tih vrsta i skupina. Iz nekih primjera vidljivo je koliko su nove metode sekvenciranja gena, praćenja embrionalnog razvoja i proučavanja ekspresije gena korisne u dokazivanju i objašnjavanju samih atavizama, a iz drugih koliko su fosilni ostatci prijelaznih skupina nužni za dokazivanje predloženih hipoteza. Također je vidljivo koliko je nužno točno definirati i prepoznati rudimente, atavizme i aberacije uzrokovane novonastalim mutacijama, kako ne bi došlo do zabune i iznošenja krive hipoteze.

Abstract (english)

The occurrence of atavisms in individual modern animals helps relate existing species to found fossils belonging to extinct ancestral or related species. By complementing fossil evidence with atavisms and rudiments, it is easier to trace the changes that have led to the evolution of modern properties and to suppose an explanation of possible mechanisms and selective pressures that have made those changes possible.
This paper describes several examples of animal atavisms and places them in the context of evolution of these species and groups. Some examples show how usefull new methods of gene sequencing, embryonic development monitornig and gene expression studying are in proving and explaining atavisms, and others show how necessary fossil remains of transitional groups are in proving poroposed hypotheses. It is also evident how necessary it is to accurately define and identify rudiments, atavisms and aberrations caused by newly formed mutations, in order to avoid confusion and proposing an incorrect hypothesis.

• Keywords: atavizmi
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:844143
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-09-25 10:24:53