Arginaze: enzimi važni u zdravlju i bolesti

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Arginases: enzymes important in health and disease
• Author: Ema Buljan
• Mentor: Nada Oršolić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Arginaza je ureohidrolaza koja iz L-arginina sintetizira L-ornitin i ureju. U sisavcima i vodozemcima, koji višak dušika izbacuju kroz ciklus ureje, prisutna je u dvije izoforme. Arginaza 1 je citosolni enzim najviše eksprimiran u jetri gdje sudjeluje u ciklusu ureje. Arginaza 2 je mitohondrijski enzim i prisutna je u raznim tkivima. L-ornitin je neproteinogena aminokiselina i prekursor za sintezu poliamina, prolina, glutamata i glutamina. Poliamini su molekule koje potiču staničnu proliferaciju, a prolin je prekursor za sintezu kolagena. Regulacijom aktivnosti arginaza regulira se proliferacija stanica i obnova tkiva. Dušik oksid sintaze iskorištavaju L-arginin za sintezu dušikovog (II) oksida, važne signalne molekule u kontroli vazodilatacije i protoka krvi. Brojne kardiovaskularne, bubrežne i neurovaskularne bolesti praćene su smanjenom sintezom dušikovog (II) oksida i povećanom ekspresijom i aktivnosti arginaza. Povećana aktivnost arginaza prisutna je i u tumorima i kroničnim upalama te suprimira imunosni odgovor. Terapije inhibitorima arginaza pružaju velike mogućnosti u liječenju brojnih bolesti potaknutih poremećenom ekspresijom i aktivnošću arginaza.

Abstract (english)

Arginase is a ureohydrolase that synthesizes L-ornithine and urea from L-arginine. In mammals and amphibians, who excrete excess nitrogen through the urea cycle, it exists in two isoforms. Arginase 1 is a cytosolic enzyme mostly expressed in liver where it contributes in the urea cycle. Arginase 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme present in different tissues. L-ornithine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and a precursor for the synthesis of polyamines, proline, glutamate and glutamine. Polyamines are molecules that promote cell proliferation and proline is a precursor for collagen synthesis. Regulation of arginase activity enables regulation of cell proliferation and tissue repair. Nitric oxide synthases use L-arginine for the synthesis of nitric oxide, an important signalling molecule in controlling vasodilatation and blood flow. Various cardiovascular, renal and neurovascular diseases are supported by lowered nitric oxide syntesis and increased arginase expression and activity. Increased arginase activity is present in tumors and chronic inflammations and suppresses immune response as well. Therapies using arginase inhibitors provide great potential in treating many diseases encouraged by disrupted arginase expression and activity.

• Keywords: L-arginin; urea; dušikov (II) oksid; disfunkcija endotela; inhibitori arginaza
• Keywords (english): L-arginine; urea; nitric oxide; endothelial dysfunction; arginase inhibitors
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:321684
• Study programme: Title: Molecular biology-University undergraduate programme; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-18 10:48:18