Određivanje metala platinske skupine u lebdećim česticama u zraku

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Determination of platinum group metals in airbone particulate matter
• Author: Jasmina Rinkovec
• Mentor: Gordana Pehnec (mentor)
• Mentor: Sanda Rončević (mentor)
• Committee member: Mirta Rubčić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Gordana Pehnec (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vesna Tomašić (član povjerenstva); MBZ: 179216
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Chemistry); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-05-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Chemistry
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 54 - Chemistry. Crystallography. Mineralogy

Abstract

Platina (Pt), paladij (Pd) i rodij (Rh) smatraju se strateškim metalima zbog specijalizirane
primjene u industriji kao i zbog značajne uloge pri radu automobilskih katalitičkih pretvornika
čija je svrha smanjenje emisije plinovitih onečišćujućih tvari u zrak. Vrući ispušni plinovi koji
prolaze kroz katalitičke pretvornike uzrokuju oštećenja tih sustava što dovodi do emisije Pt,
Pd i/ili Rh u okoliš i povećanja njihovih razina u zraku.
U ovom radu razrađena je metoda za određivanje Pt, Pd i Rh u lebdećim česticama u
zraku primjenom spektrometrije masa uz induktivno spregnutu plazmu (ICP-MS). Postupak
rada obuhvaćao je tjedno uzorkovanje lebdećih čestica na kvarcnim filtrima te mikrovalnu
razgradnju u kiselini pod povišenim tlakom i temperaturom.
Ispitana je prostorna i vremenska raspodjela Pt, Pd i Rh u frakciji lebdećih čestica
PM10 (aerodinamičkog promjera <10 μm) na tri mjerne postaje (Sjever, Centar i Jug) u
urbanom području. Izmjerene masene koncentracije na mjernim postajama bile su niske i
iznosile su: 0,488-1,047 pg m−3 za Pt, 3,856-5,60 pg m−3 za Pd te 0,444-0,750 pg m−3 za Rh.
Razine Pt, Pd i Rh statistički su se značajno razlikovale na mjernim postajama što je rezultat
različite opterećenosti navedenog područja prometom. Na svim postajama pronađene su
statistički značajne sezonske varijacije masenih koncentracija s najvišim vrijednostima
izmjerenim tijekom zime.

Abstract (english)

Platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) are considered strategic metals because of
their specialized applications in industry as well as significant role in the work of automotive
catalytic converters designed to reduce gaseous pollutants. The hot exhaust gases passing
through the catalytic converters cause damage to these systems which leads to the emission of
Pt, Pd and/or Rh into the environment and an increase of their levels in the air.
We developed a method to determine Pt, Pd and Rh in the airborne particles by
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This included the weekly sampling
of particulate matter on quartz filters and acid microwave digestion under elevated pressure
and temperature.
The spatial and temporal distributions of Pt, Pd and Rh in PM10 (aerodynamic
diameter <10 micrometers) at three urban area stations (North, Center and South) were
investigated. The measured mass concentrations of the metals at the monitoring stations were
low: 0.488-1.047 pg m-3 for Pt, 3.856-5.60 pg m-3 for Pd and 0.444-0.0750 pg m-3 for Rh.
Levels of Pt, Pd and Rh were statistically significantly different between the monitoring
stations which is the result of different traffic loads at the stations. Statistically significant
seasonal variations with the highest values during winter were found at all of the monitoring
stations.

• Keywords: ICP-MS; onečišćenje zraka; paladij; platina; rodij; urbano područje
• Keywords (english): air pollution; ICP-MS; palladium; platinum; rhodium; urban area
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:662310
• Study programme: Title: Doctoral study in chemistry; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje prirodnih znanosti, polje kemija (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje prirodnih znanosti, polje kemija)
• Type of resource: Text
• Extent: 129 str. ; 30 cm
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2019-05-26
• Created on: 2017-05-30 13:45:08