Utjecaj vizualizacije na uspjeh u rješavanju zadataka iz mehanike

master's thesis

• Title (english): Effect of visualization on the success in problem solving in mechanics
• Author: Marko Movre
• Mentor: Ana Sušac (mentor)
• Committee member: Ana Sušac (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Damir Veža (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivo Batistić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Planinić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mario Basletić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Physics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014-07-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Physics

Abstract

Vizualizacija je važan korak u rješavanju zadataka u fizici i ovo istraživanje bavilo se samo jednim aspektom tog kompleksnog procesa – crtanjem slika. Slike u zadacima mogu biti u različitoj funkciji: mogu pomagati u razumijevanju teksta, ali za to nisu nužne, mogu biti nužan dio teksta koji sadrži dio informacija, mogu biti grafovi, dijagrami sila te ostale vrste dijagrama. Ovo istraživanje ograničilo se na slike koje nisu nužne, ali pomažu razumjeti tekst te je analiziralo kako pojavljivanje takvih slika u zadatku i crtanje istih od strane učenika pomaže u rješavanju zadataka. Zadaci u ovom istraživanju ispituju poznavanje i razumijevanje zakona očuvanja energije, nekoliko različitih fizikalnih situacija i koncepata kao što su pretvorba energije (gravitacijske i elastične potencijalne te kinetičke), rad i gubici energije. Istraživanje je provedeno u četiri srednje škole u gradu Zagrebu. Ukupno je sudjelovalo 240 učenika drugih razreda. Učenici su ispunili i kratki upitnik povezan s temom istraživanja i odgovorili su na pitanja kako im je i u kojem slučaju zadana slika pomogla pri rješavanju zadataka. Zadacima bez slike proučavalo se jesu li učenici samostalno prikazivali slikom danu fizikalnu situaciju, ili nisu, te ako jesu koliko su te njihove slike bile informativne. Učenici su općenito loše riješili test pokazujući brojne poteškoće u vezi s razumijevanjem koncepta energije i zakona očuvanja energije. U analizi slika pokazalo se da mnogi imaju poteškoća u vezi s razumijevanjem fizikalnih situacija ili da ne znaju što podrazumijeva potpuni opis skicom. Ovo istraživanje ukazalo je na korelaciju između crtanja slika i uspjeha u rješavanju zadataka. Rezultati nisu pokazali statistički značajnu razliku u uspjehu u rješavanju zadataka sa zadanom slike i bez nje. Ipak, nije samo zadana slika bila indikator vizualizacije, nego i slike koje su učenici sami crtali tijekom rješavanja zadataka. Slabiji uspjeh postigli su učenici koji nisu imali sliku u zadataku, a nisu sliku ni sami crtali od učenika koji su ili imali sliku zadanu u zadatku ili su nacrtali vlastitu sliku. Pokazalo se da vizualizacija značajno utječe na uspjeh u rješavanju. Također je pokazano da su učenici koji su točnije i potpunije crtali slike bili uspješniji u rješavanju zadataka. Ovo istraživanje dokazuje da crtanje slika, kao oblik vizualizacije fizikalne situacije, pomaže u rješavanju zadataka. Nastavnici bi trebali poticati učenike da vizualiziraju i pritom crtaju dane fizikalne situacije.

Abstract (english)

Visualization is important step in problem solving in physics and in this study we focused on only one aspect of that complex process – figure drawing. Figures can have different functions: they can help understand the text, but are not really necessary; they can be an indispensable part of the text containing information; graphs; diagram of forces and other diagrams. This study deals with figures that are not necessary, but can help understand the text and also examines how given figures as well as those drawn by students help in problem solving. The test which was given to participants in this study examines the knowledge and understanding of the law of conservation of energy and some different situations and concepts like energy transformation (gravitational potential, elastic potential and kinetic), work and energy loss. The study was carried out in four different high schools in the city of Zagreb including 240 second class students. The students also filled in a short questionnaire and answered the questions how and in which situations a figure helps them to solve physics problems. In problems without a figure we studied whether students were capable of representing given physical situation on their own and if they were, how informative their figure was. Students generally scored poorly on this test showing a number of difficulties associated with the understanding of the concept of energy and the law of conservation of energy. The analysis of figures shows that a lot of students have difficulties with understanding physical situations or that they do not understand what a completely informative figure means. This study indicated that there is a correlation between figure drawing and success in problem solving. Our results did not show that there is a statistically significant difference in success in problem solving with or without a given figure. However, given figure was not the only indicator of visualization, figures drawn by students were also taken into consideration. The students who were not given a figure and did not draw one themselves achieved lower success than the students who were given a figure or drew it themselves, which indicates that visualization significantly influences the results in problem solving. Also, students who drew more accurate and complete figures achieved better results. This study shows that drawing figures as a form of visualization of a physical situation does help in problem solving. Teachers should encourage their students to visualize and draw physical situations.

• Keywords: nastava fizike; vizualizacija
• Keywords (english): physics education; visualization
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:462754
• Study programme: Title: Physics; specializations in: Education; Course: Education; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacije fizike (magistar/magistra edukacije fizike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-06-16 10:39:03