Struktura genoma, kemijski sastav i biološka aktivnost triploidnog luka Allium × cornutum Clementi ex Visiani

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Genome structure, chemical composition and biological activity of triploid onion Allium × cornutum Clementi ex Visiani
• Author: Željana Fredotović
• Mentor: Jasna Puizina (mentor); MBZ: 171072
• Committee member: Mirjana Pavlica (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kroata Hazler-Pilepić (član povjerenstva); MBZ: 201953
• Committee member: Vlatka Zoldoš (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 57 - Biological sciences. Physical anthropology. Biodiversity

Abstract

Allium × cornutum Clementi ex Visiani jedinstvena je forma luka, koja se pod nazivom 'Ljutika' tradicionalno uzgaja i koristi u ljudskoj prehrani u obalnoj i otočnoj Hrvatskoj. Otporna je na sušu i hladnoću, te prilagođena oskudnom, kamenitom tlu. Ovim radom željela se detaljnije istražiti struktura genoma te vrste, rasvijetliti nutritivni sastav te provjeriti njezinu biološku aktivnost. Provedene molekularno-filogenetske analize ribosomskih gena, 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA i 5S rDNA, otkrile su da je A. × cornutum (2n = 3x = 24) jedinstveni hibrid triju vrsta lukova: crvenog luka, Allium cepa L. i dva azijska luka, Allium pskemense B. Fedtsch i Allium roylei Stearn. Po jedan haploidni genom (x = 8) svake od triju roditeljskih vrsta identificiran je i vizualiziran na mitotskim i mejotičkim kromosomima A. × cornutum metodom fluorescentne hibridizacije in situ. Analize kloroplastnih i mitohondrijskih gena, pokazuju da A. × cornutum posjeduje jedinstveni tip sterilne citoplazme CMS-S, važne u oplemenjivanju lukova. Kemijske analize metanolnih ekstrakta A. × cornutum i A. cepa izvršene metodom HPLC-a, ukazuju na povećan sadržaj flavonoida (flavonola i antocijanina) u A. × cornutum, što može biti objašnjenje i nešto boljeg bioaktivnog profila triploida u odnosu na A. cepa. Obje vrste pokazuju značajnu antioksidativnu, antigenotoksičnu i antiproliferacijsku aktivnost, što ih potvrđuje kao važan izvor korisnih fitonutrijenata koji mogu doprinijeti zaštiti i očuvanju ljudskog zdravlja.

Abstract (english)

Allium × cornutum Clementi ex Visiani is unique onion type, traditionally cultivated in South and coastal Croatia under the name 'Ljutika' and used in human diet. It is resistant to cold weather conditiones and drought, and adapted to growth on poor stony ground. This paper attempts to explore genome structure, shed light on the nutritional composition and check biological activity of this species. Molecular-cytogenetic and phylogenetic analysis of two ribosomal genes, 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA and 5S rDNA revealed that 'Ljutika' is a unique hybrid of three onion species: common onion, Allium cepa L., and two Asian onions, Allium pskemense B. Fedtsch and Allium roylei Stearn. One haploid genome (x = 8) of each of the three parent species was identified and visualized on mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of A. × cornutum by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Chloroplast and mitochondrial gene analysis showed that 'Ljutika' possesses a sterile CMS-S type of cytoplasm, important for onion breeding. Phytochemical analysis determined by HPLC showed that methanolic extracts of A. × cornutum and A. cepa showed slightly higher content of flavonoids (flavonols and anthocyanins) in A. × cornutum, which may be cause of its higher bioactive profile in compare to A. cepa. Both species showed a significant antioxidant, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative activity which makes them an important sources of phytonutrients that can contribute to the protection and preservation of human health.

• Keywords: alotriploid; A. cepa; citoplazmatska muška sterilnost; fenolni spojevi; antioksidativno; antigenotoksično; antiproliferacijko djelovanje
• Keywords (english): allotriploid; A. cepa; cytoplasmic male-sterlity; phenolic compounds; antioxidative activity; genotoxicity; antiproliferative activity
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:480919
• Study programme: Title: Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje prirodnih znanosti, polje biologija (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje prirodnih znanosti, polje biologija)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2017-07-20 09:16:31