Ihtiofauna rijeke Drave na području pod utjecajem hidroelektrana

undergraduate thesis

• Author: Roman Karlović
• Mentor: Perica Mustafić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Drava je rijeka kišno-ledenjačkog režima te zbog toga ima relativno povoljan raspored protoka tijekom godine zahvaljujući velikoj akumulaciji vode u snijegu i ledu. Takvi uvjeti protoka ju čine pogodnom za učinkovitu proizvodnju električne energije putem hidroelektrana. Tri višenamjenske hidroelektrane sagrađene na rijeci Dravi (HE Varaždin, HE Čakovec i HE Dubrava), uz proizvodnju električne energije imaju i ulogu u opskrbi vodom, obrani od poplave, zaštiti zemljišta od erozije, navodnjavanju, odvodnji ali se koriste i u turističke i sportske svrhe. Hidroelektrane na rijeci Dravi svojom infrastrukturom stvaraju vodene ekosustave sa specifičnim ekološkim uvjetima koji odgovaraju određenim zajednicama riba. Prema podjela tekućica od izvora prema ušću na zone, zasnovane na dominantnim vrstama i promjeni životne zajednice riba na vodama rijeke Drave pod utjecajem hidroelektrana možemo primijetiti: zonu deverike (Abramis brama) u akumulaciskom jezeru, zonu lipljena (Thymallus thymallus) u drenažnom kanalu i zonu mrene (Barbus barbus) u odvodnom kanalu. U starom tok rijeke (biološkom minimumu) zbog povezanosti sa svim navedenim vodenim površinama i iznimnog antropogenog utjecaja na ovu vodu možemo također primijetiti sve navedene zone te je sastavi ihtiofaune neprirodno varijabilan. Zbog iznimnog antropogenog utjecaja na sve vode u kompleksu hidoelektrana na relativno malom prostoru se pojavljuje zonacija kakvu inače možemo primijeniti na cijelim tok rijeke od izvora do ušća. Time zaključujemo da je sastav ihtiofaune rijeke Drave na području pod utjecajem hidroelektrana pod velikim utjecajem čovjeka. Premda su najviše devastirane, upravo je na nizinskim rijekama kao što je Drava počela revolucija u zaštiti okoliša i u shvaćanju značaja rijeka za ljudsko društvo.

Abstract (english)

Drava is a river of Rainy-glacial regime, which enables a relatively favorable schedule of flow during the year because of the large quantities of water stored in the snow and ice. Such flow conditions are making her suitable for the efficient production of electricity from hydroelectric power plants. Three multifunctional hydroelectric power plants are built on river Drava (HE Varaždin, HE Čakovec i HE Dubrava), serving not only for electricity production, but also for the flood protection, erosion protection, irigation, drainage, plus tourism and sport. The infrastructure of these power plants creates aquatic ecosystems with specific environmental conditions that are appropriate for specific communities of fish. According to the division of flowing waters into zones from the source to the mouth, based on the dominant species of fish both with change in living communities under the influence of hydroelectric power plants, we can notice the following: the bream zone (Abramis brama) in the artificial lake, grayling zone (Thymallus thymallus) in the drainage channel, and barbel zone (Barbus barbus) in drain channel. In the old course of the river (biological minimum) we can notice all of the listed zones, mostly because of the connection with all listed water bodies and extreme antrophogenic impact, which causes the unnatural variable of the ihtiofauna. Due to exceptional anthropogenic influence on all water in the complex of hydroelectric power plants, the zonation usually typical for a complete river flow appears on a very small area. With this I conclude that the ihtiofauna composition of the river Drava in the area affected by hydroelectric power plants is heavily influenced by man. Although mostly devastated, lowland rivers such as Drava began a revolution in environmental protection and in understanding the significance of rivers for human society.

• Keywords: Drava; ihtiofauna; hidroelektrane
• Keywords (english): Drava river; ihtiofauna; hydroelectric power plants
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:407121
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-01-03 08:33:42