| Sažetak | Cilj ovog istraživanja je početna procjena rasprostranjenosti, vrsta i količina makrootpada u
moru te po mogućnosti utvrđivanja njegovog podrijetla na morskoj obali i plitkom
infralitoralu južnog područja Istarske županije s posebnim osvrtom na količine krutog
komunalnog otpada koje nastaju na kopnu te na načine i razloge njegova ulaska u morski
okoliš. Uz analizu dostupnih podataka o tokovima otpada na kopnu, na 5 lokacija
primijenjena je jednostavna, selektivna i ekonomična metoda sakupljanja otpada na morskim
plažama i vizualni pregled morskog dna duž transekata autonomnim ronjenjem do 20 m
dubine. Gustoća makrootpada na istraživanim morskim plažama vrlo je visoka (ukupan
prosjek 10,6 predmeta po m2) kao i indeks čistoće obale (CCI), što ukazuje na veliko
onečišćenje i u skladu je s rezultatima nedavnih istraživanja plaža na otoku Visu, a u vezi je s
tipom uvale. Prosječna gustoća otpada na morskom dnu od 0,0458 predmeta po m2 u skladu je
s dosadašnjim malobrojnim istraživanjima sličnim metodama. U otpadu u moru prevladava
grupa umjetni polimerni materijali – plastika (na plažama preko 80%), a od kategorija
najzastupljeniji su dijelovi ambalaže od hrane i pića, te na plažama higijenski pribor (štapići
za uši), opušci i dijelovi ribolovne opreme. Glavni izvor otpada su uzobalne aktivnosti
(turizam i rekreacija), no aktivnosti na moru (plovidba, ribolov, marikultura) izvor su u
prosjeku oko trećine otpada u moru. Unos otpada u morski okoliš i donos otpada na morske
plaže je kontinuiran zbog lošeg gospodarenja i odbacivanja otpada te je moguć donos iz
susjednih zemalja pa čak i iz najjužnijih dijelova Jadrana. Problem otpada u moru je
prepoznat, postoji regulativa koja je u radu pregledno prikazana, no nužno je njeno
provođenje te daljnje praćenje stanja uz propisivanje mjera u cilju postizanja i očuvanja
dobrog stanja morskog okoliša u odnosu na taj deskriptor. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The aim of this research was the initial estimation of the distribution, types and quantity of
marine macro litter in the sea; and, eventually, the determination where it originates from
once it reaches the seashore and the shallow infralittoral zone of the southern part of the
Istrian County, with a special emphasis on the amount of solid municipal waste generated on
the land, as well as how and why it enters the marine environment. Besides the analysis of
available data on land waste pathways, a simple, selective and low cost waste collection
method was applied to beaches at 5 locations, along with an underwater visual survey along
transects of the sea bottom down to 20 m of depth. The density of marine macro litter on
beaches was very high (total average of 10.6 items per m2), as was the coastal cleanness index
(CCI), which points to a high pollution, and is in concordance with the results of a recent
study of beaches on the island of Vis, and can be attributed to the coast type. The average
density of marine litter at the sea bottom was 0.0458 items per m2 and is in line with previous
studies using similar methods. The group “artificial polymer materials” was dominant in
marine litter (over 80% on the studied beaches), and prevalent categories were food and
beverage packaging, hygienic accessories (cotton bud sticks), along with cigarette butts and
fishing gear. The main source of marine litter are human activities along the shore (tourism
and recreation), but activities in the sea (shipping, fishing, mariculture) are the source of
about one-third of the marine litter. The input of waste into the marine environment and the
accumulation of marine litter on beaches are continuous due to poor waste management and
littering, as well as incoming floating waste from neighbouring countries or the southernmost
parts of the Adriatic. The problem of marine litter is well recognized, so much so the
regulation exists (clearly presented in the dissertation), but it needs to be implemented and
monitored carefully in order to to determine adequate measures to achieve and preserve a
good environmental status of marine environment for that descriptor. |
