Opterećenje plastike i sedimenta bakterijama i metalima u tragovima na plaži Sakarun (Dugi Otok)

master's thesis

• Title (english): Bacterial and trace metal load of plastic debris and sediment on Sakarun beach (Dugi Otok Island)
• Author: Vito Stančec
• Mentor: Kristina Pikelj (mentor)
• Mentor: Hana Fajković (komentor)
• Committee member: Kristina Pikelj (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Hana Fajković (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Petar Kružić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danijel Orešić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Luka Valožić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

U posljednje vrijeme utjecaj plastičnog otpada na okoliš značajno se povećao. Plastika može
mijenjati mikrobno stanje okoliša te prenositi teške metale u prirodni sustav. Diplomski rad je imao za
cilj odrediti opterećenje plastike i sedimenta morskim heterotrofnim bakterijama i vibrionima prije i
poslije turističke sezone na plaži Sakarun. Također, sediment je ispitan na mikrobiološke indikatore
fekalnog onečišćenja. Sljedeći cilj je bio utvrditi masene udjele Zn, Cd, Pb i Cu koji su adsorbirani na
površinu plastičnog otpada na plaži, kao i udjele ovih metala u intertajdalnom području adsorbiranih
na sedimentu koristeći se diferencijalno-pulsnom voltametrijom anodnog otapanja. Analiza plastike je
dodatno uključivala određivanje vrste polimera metodom infracrvene spektroskopije s Fourierovom
transformacijom (FTIR). Sediment je analiziran primjenom osnovnih sedimentoloških metoda te je
opisan kao pijesak s vrlo visokim udjelom karbonantne komponente (>95%). Nakon turističke sezone
izmjerena je povećana brojnost morskih heterotrofnih bakterija na plastičnom otpadu. Nisu pronađene
patogene bakterije za ljude i životinje na plastici, ali u sedimentu je identificirana vrsta Vibrio harveyi
koja može biti patogena za morske organizme i čovjeka ukoliko konzumira sirovu morsku hranu.
Najviše uzorkovanih plastičnih fragmenata pripada polipropilenu (PP), što je u skladu s trendom u
prikupljenim podacima u regiji Jadrana. Rezultati opterećenja sakarunskog sedimenta teškim metalima
su ispod preporučenih granica te ga svrstavamo u nezagađeni jadranski sediment. S druge strane,
plastika je u mnogo većoj mjeri onečišćena teškim metalima kadmija, cinka, olova i bakra što može
dovesti do prijenosa ovih teških metala u okoliš.

Abstract (english)

Recently, the impact of plastic waste on the environment has increased significantly. Plastic
can change the microbial load of the environment and transfer heavy metals into the natural system.
The thesis aimed to determine the load of plastic and sediment with marine heterotrophic bacteria and
Vibrio before and after the tourist season at Sakarun beach. Additionally, the sediment was tested for
microbiological indicators of faecal pollution. The next goal is to determine concentrations of Zn, Cd,
Pb and Cu adsorbed on the surface of plastic waste on the beach, as well as concentrations of these
metals in the intertidal sediment using differential pulse voltammetry of anodic dissolution. The
analysis of the plastic additionally included the determination of the type of polymer by the method of
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sediment was analysed using basic
sedimentological methods and was described as sand with a very high proportion of the carbonate
component (>95%). After the tourist season, an increased abundance of marine heterotrophic bacteria
on plastic waste was measured. No pathogenic bacteria for humans and animals were found on the
plastic, but the species Vibrio harveyi was identified in the sediment, which can be pathogenic for
marine organisms and humans if they consume raw seafood. Most of the sampled plastic fragments
belong to polypropylene (PP), which is in line with the trend in the data collected in the Adriatic
region. The results of heavy metal loading of Sakarun sediment are below the recommended limits,
and we classify it as an unpolluted Adriatic sediment. On the other hand, plastic is much more
contaminated with heavy metals cadmium, zinc, lead, and copper, which can lead to the transfer of
these heavy metals into the environment

• Keywords: bakterije; metali; plastika; onečišćenje; voltametrija; FTIR
• Keywords (english): bacteria; metals; plastic; pollution; voltammetry; FTIR
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:195911
• Project: Number: IP-2019-04-5832; Title: Međudjelovanje morskog (mikro)plastičnog otpada i metala zagađivala: mogući put od morskog okoliša do čovjeka; Title: Marine (micro)plastic litter and pollutant metals interaction: a possible pathway from marine environment to human; Acronym: METALPATH; Leader: Vlado Cuculić; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: IP
• Study programme: Title: Enviromental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra struke znanosti o okolišu (magistar/magistra struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2024-07-11
• Created on: 2023-07-26 11:39:42