Demonstracijski pokusi u nastavi fizike: kvantna fizika u osnovnoj školi

master's thesis

• Author: Petra Maruna
• Mentor: Dalibor Paar (mentor)
• Committee member: Dalibor Paar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nela Bosner (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Darko Androić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mladen Vuković (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maro Cvitan (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Mathematics); Zagreb
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Physics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Physics

Abstract

Istaknuta je uloga i važnost pokusa u nastavi fizike kao i koraci koji nastavnicima mogu olakšati njihovo izvođenje. Predstavljene su neke strategije koje mogu olakšati nošenje sa situacijama kad se izvođenje pokusa ne odvija kako je planirano. Na temelju četiri pravila naivne fizike ulazi se u diskusiju o utjecaju kognitivnih pristranosti na teorije kvantne fizike. Zašto kvantna mehanika krši naše urođeno razumijevanje kako bi svijet trebao funkcionirati. Kada djeci treba o tome početi pričati? U vrtiću, razrednoj nastavi ili na fakultetu? U obrazovanju 20. stoljeću vladalo je mišljenje da se suvremena znanja ne mogu učiti bez starih teorija kao temelja. U fizici je to dovelo do toga da većina učenika, osim nekolicine na sveučilištu, nikada ne stekne znanja i vještine na razini današnjih znanja i tehnologija. Obrazovanje 21. stoljeća kreće od novih principa, da se priča gradi oko današnjih problema i tehnologija i s time se kreće već od najranije dobi, najkasnije od 4. godine života. U ovom radu ćemo prikazati nekoliko primjera kako koncepte kvantne fizike možemo demonstrirati učenicima.

Abstract (english)

The essential role of experiments in the process of teaching physics has been demonstrated, as well as some of the steps that can facilitate their performance for the teachers. Several strategies have been presented for situations when the experiments do not function according to plan. On the basis of the four rules of naïve physics, the influence of cognitive bias on the theories of quantum physics is discussed. Why do the quantum mechanics go against our innate understanding of the manner in which the world should function? When should we start presenting it to children? In kindergarten, primary school or at university? During the 20th century the prevailing opinion was that new knowledge cannot be taught without being based on old theories. In physics, as a result of this, apart from a small number of students at the university level, most of them never acquire knowledge and skills at the level of contemporary knowledge and technology. In the 21st century education system, the starting point are new principles, building the story up around contemporary problems and technologies from the earliest age, 4th year of life at the latest. This thesis will provide several examples of demonstrating the concepts of quantum physics to students.

• Keywords: suvremena nastava fizike; kvantna fizika; osnovna škola
• Keywords (english): modern physics classroom; quantum physics; primary school; teaching physics; elementary school
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:020444
• Study programme: Title: Mathematics and Physics Education; specializations in: Mathematics and Physics Education; Course: Mathematics and Physics Education; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacije matematike i fizike (magistar/magistra edukacije matematike i fizike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2020-06-06
• Created on: 2019-06-06 10:54:48